chapter 5 study guide

When the arrector pili muscles contract, the skin changes color. sweat is released from sweat glands. hairs are shed. shivering occurs. "goose bumps" are formed.

"goose bumps" are formed.

Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards? 1 2 3 4 5

1

The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury. 1. blood clot/scab formation 2. cellular migration 3. epidermis covers granulation tissue 4. epidermis covers scar tissue Which of the following places the steps in the correct order? 4, 3, 2, 1 2, 4, 1, 3 4, 3, 1, 2 1, 2, 3, 4 3, 4, 1, 2

1, 2, 3, 4

An intradermal injection is administered into which layer? 1 2 3 below layer 5 5

3

Which layer contains most of the accessory organs? 1 2 3 below layer 5 5

3

A 32-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with third-degree burns on her entire right leg, entire right arm, and the back of her trunk. Estimate the percentage of her body surface area affected by these burns. (Module 5.5D) 9% 36% 45% 18% 91%

45%

The epidermis in the thin skin contains ________ layer(s) and in the thick skin contains ________ layers. 1; 2 2; 3 3; 4 4; 5 5; 6

4; 5

While walking barefoot on the beach, Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis. How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate? 1 2 3 4 5

5

Distinguish among a first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree burn. (Module 5.5A) A first-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A second-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. A third-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A first-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A second-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. A first-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. A second-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A third-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A first-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A second-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. A first-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer. A second-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A third-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin.

A first-degree burn affects only the surface of the skin. A second-degree burn affects the whole epidermis and some of the dermis. A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis, the dermis, and extends into the subcutaneous layer.

Describe a typical strand of hair. (Module 5.7A) Many layers of dead, tightly compressed cells arranged in 5 stratum layers. A bundle of smooth muscles attached to a hair follicle. A small connective tissue peg filled with blood vessels and nerves. A keratinous strand produced by basal cells within a hair follicle. A layer of epithelial cells surrounding a deep layer of connective tissue.

A keratinous strand produced by basal cells within a hair follicle.

What is the survival rate of a localized malignant melanoma that is detected and removed in the early stages of the cancer? Above 95% 75% 60% 40% less than 20%

Above 95%

Granulation tissue is composed of fibroblasts. clotted blood. an extensive capillary network. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person? There are fewer dendritic cells in the skin of the elderly. Skin repairs take longer in the elderly. The epidermis is thinner in the elderly. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Where does nail production occur? (Module 5.9A) At the lunula At the eponychium At the hyponychium At the cuticle At the nail root

At the nail root

Why is basal cell carcinoma considered less dangerous than malignant melanoma? (Module 5.3D) Basal cell carcinoma affect the cells of the stratum basale which cannot form tumors, whereas malignant melanoma affects the melanocytes which form cancerous tumors. Basal cell carcinoma affects the stratum basale only and will not spread to any other layer, whereas malignant melanoma affects the melanocytes which can be found throughout the epidermis. Basal cell carcinoma only occurs in the elderly, whereas malignant melanoma occurs in children and young adults. Basal cell carcinoma only occurs on the face, whereas malignant melanoma can occur anywhere on the body. Basal cell carcinomas rarely become malignant and metastasize, whereas malignant melanoma cells quickly spread throughout the lymphatic system to other organs.

Basal cell carcinomas rarely become malignant and metastasize, whereas malignant melanoma cells quickly spread throughout the lymphatic system to other organs.

________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make the skin appear orange or yellow. Melanin Carotene Bilirubin Chlorophyll Hemoglobin

Carotene

Vitamin ________ is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight. A B C D E

D

________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system. Merkel cells Basal cells Squamous cells Dendritic cells Melanocytes

Dendritic cells

What are epidermal derivatives? (Module 5.6A) Epidermal derivatives are secretions produced by the epidermis, including sweat and sebum. Epidermal derivatives are pigment molecules produced by the epidermis, including carotene and melanin. Epidermal derivatives are the different cell types found in the epidermis, including epithelial cells and melanocytes. Epidermal derivatives are chemicals produced by the epidermis, such as heparin and prostaglandins. Epidermal derivatives are accessory structures that originate from the epidermis during embryonic development, including hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, and nails.

Epidermal derivatives are accessory structures that originate from the epidermis during embryonic development, including hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, and nails.

Describe granulation tissue. (Module 5.12B) Granulation tissue is a combination of blood clots, fibroblasts, and capillaries in healing tissue. Granulation tissue is all three layers of the integument forming, subcutaneous, dermis, and epidermis. Granulation tissue is a raised, thickened mass of scar tissue. Granulation tissue is newly formed epithelial tissue. Granulation tissue is thick, non-elastic tissue dominated by collagen fibers.

Granulation tissue is a combination of blood clots, fibroblasts, and capillaries in healing tissue.

________ is a small connective tissue peg that contains nerve endings and blood vessels. Hair cuticle Hair matrix Hair papilla Hair bulb Hair medulla

Hair papilla

________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, ________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist, and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas. Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine

Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine

Which exocrine glands are in the integument? (Module 5.6B) Sweat glands and sebaceous glands Mucous glands and sweat glands Sweat glands and salivary glands Mucous glands and sebaceous glands Mammary glands and salivary glands

Sweat glands and sebaceous glands

Identify and describe the general functions of the exocrine glands found in the skin. (Module 5.8A) Mucous glands and sebaceous glands; the glands help lubricate hairs and epidermis and provide waterproofing. Mucous glands and sweat glands; the glands excrete wastes and provide waterproofing. Mammary glands and salivary glands; the glands help with reducing bacterial colonization and dissolve particles on the skin. Sweat glands and salivary glands; the glands help with thermoregulation and dissolve particles on the skin. Sweat glands and sebaceous glands; the glands help with thermoregulation, excrete wastes, and lubricate hairs and the epidermis.

Sweat glands and sebaceous glands; the glands help with thermoregulation, excrete wastes, and lubricate hairs and the epidermis.

________ hairs are coarse pigmented hairs. Dense Follicular Terminal Vellus Keratinous

Terminal

Explain why a healthy 6-month-old might have yellow-orange skin. (Module 5.3E) The child may be developing adipose tissue which has a yellowish tint. The child may have eaten foods with a high amount of carotene causing the pigment to accumulate in the skin making it look yellow-orange. The child may have been outside when it was cold causing vasoconstriction which reduces the pink coloration and makes skin look more yellow-orange. The skin of infants is very thin making it appear yellow-orange. Breastmilk causes the skin to look yellow-orange.

The child may have eaten foods with a high amount of carotene causing the pigment to accumulate in the skin making it look yellow-orange.

What happens when an arrector pili muscle contracts? (Module 5.7B) The sebaceous gland secretes oil onto the surface of the hair. The hair follicle becomes erect, producing "goose bumps." The sweat gland secretes sweat out of the pores next to the hair. The hair grows approximately 0.33mm. The hair falls out of the hair bulb.

The hair follicle becomes erect, producing "goose bumps."

Why does hair turn white or gray with age? (Module 5.10A) Sebaceous gland activity increases, making the hair well lubricated during growth and turning it white or gray. The keratinocytes have been damaged. The melanocyte activity declines, making the hair white or gray. The epidermis is dividing faster, making the hair white or gray. The hair is no longer producing carotene.

The melanocyte activity declines, making the hair white or gray.

Predict the degree of scarring after the healing of a horizontal cut on the forehead just above the eyebrow. (Module 5.4B) The scarring will be significant because the cut follows the same direction as the tension lines. The scarring will be significant because the cut is at a right angle to the direction of the tension lines. The scarring will be minimal because the cut follows the same direction as the tension lines. The scarring will be minimal because the cut is at a right angle to the direction of the tension lines. The scarring will be minimal because no tension lines run through that area of the body.

The scarring will be significant because the cut is at a right angle to the direction of the tension lines.

Describe the layers of the dermis. (Module 5.4A) The superficial papillary layer contains dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers. The deep reticular layer contains areolar tissue with capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons. The superficial papillary layer contains stratified squamous epithelial tissue. The deep reticular layer contains areolar tissue with capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons. The superficial reticular layer contains areolar tissue with capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons. The deep papillary layer contains dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers. The superficial papillary layer contains areolar tissue with capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons. The deep reticular layer contains dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers. The superficial reticular layer contains dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers. The deep papillary layer contains areolar tissue with capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons.

The superficial papillary layer contains areolar tissue with capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and sensory neurons. The deep reticular layer contains dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

Define hyponychium. (Module 5.9B) The visible portion of the nail. A portion of the stratum corneum of the nail root that extends over the exposed nail. The thickened stratum corneum underlying the free edge of the nail. An area of epidermis that is covered by the nail. An epidermal fold not visible from the surface where nail production occurs.

The thickened stratum corneum underlying the free edge of the nail.

Why does the free edge of a nail appear white? (Module 5.9C) The keratinocytes have been damaged as the nail grew out. The epidermis is dividing faster there than at the root. The nail is dryer and more brittle there than at the root. There are no underlying blood vessels. The melanocytes are no longer living in the nail.

There are no underlying blood vessels.

Compare thin skin with thick skin. (Module 5.2A) Thin skin has only 1 layer and is found on lips, eyelids, and other delicate structures. Thick skin has hundreds of layers and is found all over the body except where thin skin is found. Thin skin contains the epidermis and dermis but not the subcutaneous layer. Thick skin contains the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer. Thin skin has 4 layers and covers most of the body surfaces. Thick skin has 5 layers and covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Thin skin has 4 layers and covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Thick skin has 4 layers and covers most of the body surfaces. Thin skin has only 1 layer and contains only the epidermis. Thick skin has 2 layers made up of the epidermis and dermis.

Thin skin has 4 layers and covers most of the body surfaces. Thick skin has 5 layers and covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Which type of burn usually requires skin grafting? Why? (Module 5.5B) Second-degree burns because the tissue damage is so great that the tissue cannot repair itself. First-degree burns because the epidermis is damaged. First-degree burns because the tissue damage is so great that the tissue cannot repair itself. Third-degree burns because the epidermis is damaged.

Third-degree burns because the epidermis is damaged.

Why does exposure to sunlight or sunlamps darken skin? (Module 5.3B) UV radiation stimulates keratinocytes to produce more keratin. UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melatonin. UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin. UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin and keratinocytes to produce more keratin. UV radiation stimulates keratinocytes to produce more carotene.

UV radiation stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin.

________ are fine hairs that lack pigment and cover much of the body surface. Follicular hairs Vellus hairs Velvet hairs Terminal hairs

Vellus hairs

The effects of aging on the skin include an increased number of sweat glands. thickening of the epidermis. increased production of vitamin D. an increased blood supply to the dermis. a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.

a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.

A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a lesion. a clot. a scab. granulation tissue. a keloid.

a keloid.

A fibrin clot that is formed over a skin wound is called a clot. a lesion. a keloid. granulation tissue. a scab.

a scab.

Rickets can be prevented by dietary intake of cholecalciferol. avoiding sunlight. dietary intake of cholecalciferol and avoiding sunlight. adequate sunlight and dietary intake of cholecalciferol. adequate sunlight.

adequate sunlight and dietary intake of cholecalciferol.

What is the most common type of cells in the subcutaneous layer? adipocytes melanocytes fibrocytes keratinocytes fibroblasts

adipocytes

Skin wrinkle and sagging is caused by UV radiation. hormonal changes. aging. all of the choices. none of the choices.

all of the choices.

The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty. axillary ceruminous apocrine sweat merocrine sweat sebaceous

apocrine sweat

Deodorants are used to mask the effects of secretions from which type of skin gland? (Module 5.8C) apocrine sweat glands eccrine sweat glands sebaceous glands mucous glands merocrine sweat glands

apocrine sweat glands

Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"? reticular connective tissues cartilage and blood adipose tissue areolar connective tissue stratified squamous epithelium

areolar connective tissue

Melanin is produced by melanocytes within the stratum corneum. spinosum. basale. granulosum. lucidum.

basale.

Central adiposity is strongly associated with lung diseases. reproductive illnesses. liver diseases. kidney disorders. cardiovascular disorders.

cardiovascular disorders.

Name the two pigments contained in the epidermis. (Module 5.3A) carnitine and melanoma carotene and melanin carotene and melatonin creatinine and melatonin keratin and melanin

carotene and melanin

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges except that they interconnect with the dermal papillae. contain increased numbers of free nerve endings. extend into the dermis. produce patterns that are determined genetically. cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin.

contain increased numbers of free nerve endings.

All of the following can be used in the management of severe burn except cell culture. antibiotics. corticosteroids. fluid replacement. skin graft.

corticosteroids.

The two components of the integumentary system are the cutaneous membrane and hypodermis. cutaneous membrane and accessory structures. epidermis and superficial fascia. integument and hypodermis. epidermis and dermis.

cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin except that it decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun. is produced by cells called melanocytes. protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation. is usually some shade of brown or black. is released through melanosomes.

decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.

Identify the two major components of the cutaneous membrane. (Module 5.1A) epidermis and the cutaneous plexus dermis and the cutaneous plexus dermis and epidermis dermis and subcutaneous layer epidermis and subcutaneous layer

dermis and epidermis

The keratinocytes are tightly connected with each other by elastic fibers. prekeratin. collagen fibers. desmosomes.

desmosomes.

From what structure does merocrine secretion occur? eccrine sweat gland ceruminous gland apocrine sweat gland mammary gland

eccrine sweat gland

The repair of the epidermis after a wound begins as basal cells produce new elastic fibers. reticular fibers. dense connective tissue. epidermal cells. collagen fibers.

epidermal cells.

At the base of a nail, keratinized skin called the cuticle is also called the cerumen. lunula. eponychium. hyponychium. phalanx.

eponychium.

In a penetrating wound, ________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis. macrophages fibroblasts muscle cells dendritic cells granulation cells

fibroblasts

If the epidermis, dermis, and part of hypodermis are burned, it is classified as partial thickness. second degree. full thickness. first degree. none of the choices.

full thickness.

Vitamin D3 formed within the skin has all of these effects on other organ systems except that it is essential for absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the digestive system. functions in the activation of plasma cells by the lymphatic system. is essential for bone maintenance. functions as a precursor for the hormone calcitriol in the endocrine system. is essential for bone growth.

functions in the activation of plasma cells by the lymphatic system. is essential for bone maintenance.

The combination of fibrin clot, fibroblasts, and extensive capillary network that is formed in injured skin is called a clot. granulation tissue. a scab. a keloid. a lesion.

granulation tissue.

List some hormones that are necessary for maintaining a healthy integument. (Module 5.11A) sex hormones, mineralocorticoids, gonadocorticoids, and calcitonin growth hormone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and melatonin growth hormone, sex hormones, growth factors, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones ADH, oxytocin, and prolactin aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, insulin, and glucagon

growth hormone, sex hormones, growth factors, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones

Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation? wrinkles hair growth production of cholecalciferol within epidermal cells chromosomal damage in basal cells or melanocytes increased activity by melanocytes

hair growth

Describe the secretory method and functions of sebum. (Module 5.8B) apocrine; sebum lubricates hair and skin, protects the keratin of the hair shaft, and inhibits bacterial growth endocrine; sebum is important in thermoregulation and excretion of wastes merocrine; sebum is important in thermoregulation and excretion of wastes merocrine; sebum lubricates hair and skin, protects the keratin of the hair shaft, and inhibits bacterial growth holocrine; sebum lubricates hair and skin, protects the keratin of the hair shaft, and inhibits bacterial growth

holocrine; sebum lubricates hair and skin, protects the keratin of the hair shaft, and inhibits bacterial growth

Identify the first stage in skin repair. (Module 5.12A) inflammation keloid formation migration scarring proliferation

inflammation

Dandruff is a disorder that results in dry skin flakes forming in the scalp. A common cause of dandruff could be overactive arrector pili muscles. inactive apocrine sweat glands. inactive merocrine sweat glands. inflammation around sebaceous glands. lack of lamellated corpuscles.

inflammation around sebaceous glands.

All of the following are true of the hypodermis except it contains many blood vessels. stores energy reserves. permits independent movement of deeper structures. is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane. contains large amounts of adipose tissue.

is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.

All of the following are characteristics of the epidermis except that it is flexible. is self-repairing. is multilayered. is vascularized. serves as UV radiation protection.

is vascularized.

The type of most cells that form the strata in the epidermis are adipocytes. keratinocytes. fibroblasts. dendritic cells. melanocytes.

keratinocytes.

Scar tissue is the result of large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area. a thickened stratum basale in the area of the injury. a lack of sebaceous glands in the injured area. increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury. increased numbers of fibroblasts in the injured area.

large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.

Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of decreased thickness of the dermis. increased keratinization of the epidermis. increased production of epidermis. the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin. loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.

loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.

The most dangerous type of skin cancer is termed metastasis. cyanosis. melanosome. basal cell carcinoma. malignant melanoma.

malignant melanoma.

Milk is produced by ________ glands. sebaceous mammary merocrine sweat ceruminous eccrine sweat

mammary

The ________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight. keratin melanin hemoglobin carotene sebum

melanin

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce keratin. melanin. carotene. perspiration. hemoglobin.

melanin.

Perspiration is produced by ________ glands. merocrine sweat sebaceous mammary ceruminous holocrine sweat

merocrine sweat

Name the type of cell that assists the discharge of merocrine secretions, and list the glands in which such cells are present. (Module 5.8D) arrector pili cell; apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands goblet cell; apocrine and eccrine sweat glands myoepithelial cell; apocrine and eccrine sweat glands myoepithelial cell; apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands arrector pili cell; apocrine and eccrine sweat glands

myoepithelial cell; apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, mammary glands, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands

The nail body covers the hyponychium. nail root. nail bed. lunula. free edge.

nail bed.

All of the following are derived from epithelial columns except hair roots. hair follicles. sweat glands. sebaceous glands. nails.

nails.

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found on the upper back. surrounding the genitals. on the palms of the hands. in the axillae. on the chest.

on the palms of the hands.

Cyanosis signifies that a patient has oxygen-starved skin. had too much sun. been exposed to cyanide. been kept out of the sun. an allergic reaction.

oxygen-starved skin.

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands except that it helps prevent bacteria from colonizing the skin. produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating." helps cool the body when it evaporates. contains electrolytes and waste products. is very watery.

produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."

All of the following are functions of accessory structures of integument except protection of skull. thermoregulation. production of skin pigments. excretion of sweat. sensation of touch.

production of skin pigments.

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer. reticular epidermal papillary hypodermal subcutaneous

reticular

Nail production occurs at the nail root. hyponychium. body. cuticle. bed.

root.

Each of the following statements concerning hair is true except the cortex of the hair is composed of hard keratin. club hair is hair that has ceased growing. scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life. the medulla is the soft core of the hair. terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair.

scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life.

Which of the following is a holocrine exocrine gland? merocrine mammary ceruminous sebaceous apocrine

sebaceous

Merocrine sweat glands produce organic secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce body odor. primarily function in lubricating the hairs. are compound alveolar glands. secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin. increase in number and activity with aging.

secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin.

The substance called sebum is commonly known as regular sweat. milk. earwax. skin oil. odiferous sweat.

skin oil.

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because cells of the stratum basale cannot migrate to other positions in the skin. fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis. contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together. stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury. the epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels.

stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury.

Epidermal growth factor exerts all of the following effects on the epidermis except accelerating tissue repair. stimulating keratin synthesis. stimulating melanin production. promoting cell division. speeding up glandular function.

stimulating melanin production.

From what layer of skin are melanosomes released? stratum coneum hypodermis reticular layer of dermis papillary layer of dermis stratum basale

stratum basale

In which layer of skin are keratinocytes produced? subcutaneous layer stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum corneum dermis

stratum basale

The layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the stratum basale. stratum lucidum. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum. stratum corneum.

stratum basale.

Dandruff is caused by excessive shedding of cells from the outer layer of skin on the scalp. So, dandruff is composed of cells from which epidermal layer? (Module 5.2C) stratum corneum stratum basale stratum lucidum stratum spinosum stratum granulosum

stratum corneum

Identify the five layers of the epidermis (from superficial to deep). (Module 5.2B) stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucideum, stratum spinosum, stratum corneum stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum basale, stratum spinosum stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum spinosum stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Insensible perspiration takes place in the stratum corneum. stratum granulosum. stratum lucidum. stratum basale. stratum spinosum.

stratum corneum.

The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum lucidum. stratum corneum. stratum granulosum. stratum spinosum. stratum basale.

stratum corneum.

A splinter that penetrates to the third layer of epidermis of the palm is lodged in which layer? (Module 5.2D) stratum spinosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum stratum basale stratum granulosum

stratum granulosum

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except protection of underlying tissue. excretion of salts and wastes. provision of sensation. maintenance of body temperature. synthesis of vitamin C.

synthesis of vitamin C.

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except sweat glands. sebaceous glands. lamellar corpuscles. the epidermis. hair follicles.

the epidermis.

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed, the follicle will lose its blood supply. the texture of the hair will become coarser. the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus. the color of the hair will become lighter. hair production will not be affected.

the follicle will lose its blood supply.

All of the following are correct regarding hair growth cycle except that the hair becomes club hair during regression phase. club hair is shed during follicle reactivation. during the active phase, the hair grows continuously. a healthy adult with full head of hair may lose up to 100 hairs each day. a hair in the scalp grows for 2 — 5 years.

the hair becomes club hair during regression phase.