Chapter 5 study set

Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements- TRUE OR FALSE

False

Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells. True or False

False

The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid. TRUE OR FALSE

True

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma. True to False

True

With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ___________.

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________.

fibrosis

Which of the following is not a feature of the epithelia 1. Basement membrane 2.Specalized intercelular junctions 3. Abundant extracelluar material 4. Avascular 5. Polarity

Abundant extracelluar matrix

__________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.

Areolar Tissue

How would the genetic inheritance of a gene producing abnormal gap junctions affect muscle tissue?

Cardiac muscle and some smooth muscle would function abnormally. Skeletal muscle would be unaffected.

A connective tissue fiber refers to an_____, a nerve fiber refers to a_____and a muscle dinners refers to a ——-

Complex of macromolecules, part of a cell, the entire cell

__________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. __________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

Eccrine; Holocrine

Which type of connective tissue is abundant in the walls of arteries, and in the airway?

Elastic Tissue

__________ secrete __________ into __________.

Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood

Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin- TRUE OR FALSE

False

Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues- TRUE OR FALSE

False

The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface. True or False

False

The process of a cell changing types to respond to its environment is called neoplasia. True or False

False

connective tissues contain abundant cells that are on contact with one another- True or false

False

The four primary tissues types found in adult organs include all of the following except 1. Connective Tissue 2. Fiborous Tissue 3. Nervous Tissue 4. Epithelial tissue 5. Muscular tissue

Fibrous Tissue

Which of the following is NOT a type of fibrous connective tissue 1. Rectificar tissue 2.Hyaline Cartilage 3. Dense irregular connective tissue 4. Areolar tissues

Hyaline cartilage

Marcan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastic fibers. People with this syndrome have: 1. Hyperextensible joints 2. A small cranium 3. Elastic bones 4. Stronger bones 5. Viscous blood

Hyperextensible joints

The middle primary layer is called____ which gives rise to the gelatinous material called____, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissues, such as bone and cartilage

Mesoderm, mesenchyme

____ epithelium provides a moist, slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the

Nonkeratinized; vagina

All cells in_____epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia

Pseudostratified columnar

A brush border of microbiology is found in ____ epithelium, which can be found in the ____

Simple columnar; small intestine

____ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas ______ epithelium is rare

Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

Blood functions to_____

Transport nutrients to the tissues

Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.- TRUE OR FALSE

True

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs- TRUE OR FALSE

True

In the epithelium, there is almost no extra cellular matrix- TRUE OR FALSE

True

Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood. TRUE OR FALSE

True

Most growth in childhood is the result of hyperplasia. True or False

True

New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in __________.

adipose tissue

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________, whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

chondroblasts; fibroblasts

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ___________ glands.

compound acinar

The clear gel inside a cell is called

cytosol

Fibroblast and protein fibers are associated with both ______ and ______

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

The _____ gives rise to the _____

ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis

The shape of a persons external ear is due to

elastic cartilage

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

goblet

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a __________.

histological section

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to __________ of muscle cells.

hypertrophy

Where are chondrocytes and osteocytes found?

lacunae

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of __________.

metaplasia

Mucin is secreted by __________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. _________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

mucous; Serous

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called __________ epithelium.

simple columnar

An epithelium with a single layer of tall cells would be classified as which type of epithelium?

simple columnar epithelium

Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

simple cuboidal

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.

simple squamous

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs?

smooth muscle

Skeletal muscle is described as __________.

striated and voluntary

In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

tight junctions

For the first couple of days after fertilization, human stem cells have the potential to develop into any type of fully differentiated cell. Because of this, they are called _________ stem cells.

topipotent

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissues ground substance 1. Glycosaminoglycans 2. Proteoglycans 3. Chondroitin sulfate 4. Hyaluronic acid 5. Collagen

Collagen

The histológicas sections that divide a specimen along its long axis is called an____ section

Longitudinal

One function of muscle tissue is to provide heat production. True or False

True

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called __________.

a mucous membrane (mucosa)

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of __________ in human breast cells.

apoptosis

An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________.

areolar; cartilage

Which of the following parts of a neuron receive and process information?

cell body

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue.

epithelial

The basement membrane is found between ____ and ____.

epithelium and connective tissue

The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of __________.

epithelium and lamina propria

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including

holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.

neuroglia

Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ___________ membrane.

synovial

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

Found in the urinary bladder, __________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

urothelium; stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following is NOT a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common 1. Most cells are not in direct contact with eachother 2. Ground substance is so scare that it is not visible with a light microscope 3. Cells usually occur less space than extracelluar matrix 4. Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance 5. Most connective tissues are highly vascular

Ground substance is so scare that it is not visible with a light microscope

__________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

Excitable

Adipose connective tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. True or False

False

Adult stem cells are usually pluripotent. True or False

False

___ is associated with rapid transport of substances through membrane, whereas ____ is associated with resistance to abrasion

Simple squamous epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________.

Smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.