Chapter 5 TCI World History 9/29/19
The Bubonic Plague was a disease also known as
the Black Death
In both England and France, the Hundred Years' War caused a rise in
national pride and identity
Magna Carta
Written legal agreement signed in 1215 that limited the English monarchs power.
The bubonic plague was spread by
fleas that fed on the blood of infected rats, then bit humans
The name "Magna Carta" means
great charter
In England, the Magna Carta contributed to ideas about
individual rights and liberties
Describe the spread of the bubonic plague in the 14th century.
1. The plague probably originated in Central Asia. 2. It then travels along trade route to the Black Sea. 3. It it then carried on a ship to Italy. 4. It then spreads north and west throughout the continent of Europe and to England.
The Hundred Year's War was a conflict between
England and France
What changes did Magna Carta bring about in English government?
A monarch could no longer collect special taxes without the consent of nobles and Church officials. No "free man" could be jailed except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land. It also introduced the idea that not even a monarch was above the law
Heretic
A person who holds a belief that is opposite to a set of religious teachings.
What were some examples of how the outbreak of the bubonic plague in Europe contributed to the decline of feudalism and the rise of democratic thought?
Bubonic Plague: Power shifted a bit from nobles to common people because, since so many workers had died, the few who remained could demand higher pay and more rights; serfs abandoned feudal manors and moved to towns and cities, seeking better opportunities; peasant revolts also occurred when nobles tried to return things to the way they had been.
Why had castles become less useful by the end of the Middle Ages?
Castles now offered little protection, because armies used cannons to blast holes in their walls
Historians believe that the bubonic plague originated in
Central Asia
What changes did Henry II make to the English legal system and how did these changes affect feudalism?
He insisted that a jury formally accuse a person of a serious crime. People were tried by royal judges and had to have a court trial. By strengthening royal courts, he weakened the power of feudal lords.
What important legal reform did Henry II enact?
He insisted that people accused of crimes had to be formally charged and stand trial at court
Why was Thomas Becket killed?
Henry's effort to strengthen royal authority led to a serious conflict with the Catholic Church.
List examples of how the outbreak of war in Europe contributed to the decline of feudalism and the rise of democratic right.
Hundred Years' War: the war shifted power from lords to monarchs and common people; military technology used in the war made knights and castles less important; a new feeling of nationalism helped to shift power from lords and towards monarchs and commoners; peasants who survived the war were more in demand as soldiers and workers and therefore had greater power.
Why was the Magna Carta significant?
It affirmed that monarchs should rule with the advice of the governed
What did the Model Parliament do?
It established the principle that the common people should have a voice in government
What was the Model Parliament and why as it created?
It was an English governing body created by Edward I that included commoners, lower-ranking clergy, Church officials and nobles. It was intended to include more people in the government.
What is Habeas corpus?
Legal concept that an accused person can't be jailed indefinitely without being charged with a crime.
How did the Hundred Years' War affect the importance of knights on the battlefield?
The effectiveness of knights was reduced by the English longbow, which could pierce their armor
What were some of the Political Events and how did they contribute to the decline of feudalism and rise of democratic thought?
Political Events: Magna Carta limited the power of English monarchs and affirmed that monarchs should rule with the advice of the governed; Henry II's legal reforms strengthened common law, judges, and juries; and Edward I's Model Parliament gave a voice to some common people.
What effect did Joan of Arc have on the Hundred Years' War?
She inspired the French to drive the English out of France
Who was Joan of Arc? What did she do for the French during the Hundred Years' War?
She was a 17-year-old peasant girl who claimed she heard the voices of saints urging her to save France. She led a French army to victory in 1429 in the battle of Orléans. Her actions inspired many French people to feel more strongly about their King and nation.
Why were the English able to defeat the French in early battles, such as the one at Crécy?
The English army relied on archers armed with longbows. Arrows fired from longbows flew farther, faster, and more accurately than those fired from French crossbows.
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
The Magna Carta was a written legal agreement that limited the Kings power and strengthened the rights of nobles. It also contributed the ideas about individual rights and liberties. The Magna Carta gave common people a say in government.
How was the plague spread?
The bacteria that caused the plague were spread by fleas. The dirty conditions of the time significantly contributed to the spread of the disease.
Why was the plague called the "Black Death"? What were some of the common symptoms?
The term probably came from the black-and-blue spots, or buboes, that appeared on the skin of many victims. Symtoms included fever, vomiting, coughing and sneezing, and swelling.
How did the Hundred Years' War start?
The war began when the King of France challenged England's claim to French fiefs.
What is one reason the English were victorious in many of the early battles of the Hundred Years' War?
They had archers armed with longbows
How long did people generally suffer from the bubonic plague before they died?
a few days
What impact did the bubonic plague have on the population of Europe?
about a third of the population died
The principle of habeas corpus meants that an accused person
cannot be jailed indefinitely without being charged with a crime
Political changes in England, the bubonic plague, and the Hundred Years' War
contributed to the decline of the feudal system