Chapter 5 Test

Use Figure 5-3. Using the data provided, what is the pH range of tolerance for species 1?

8-11

Approximately what percentage of species that have lived on the planet is now thought to be extinct?

99%

If a bird that normally has green feathers produces offspring with blue, this is most likely the result of:

a genetic mutation

Use Figure 5-3. Using the data provided, what is the pH range for the fundamental niche for species 2?

3-11

Use Figure 5-3. Using the data provided, what would be the most likely realized pH range for the niche for species 2 if both species were located in the same habitat?

3-8

A population of rabbits with typical variations of traits lives in a meadow with a depression that runs through the middle. Over time, the depression fills in with water and becomes a rivers, separating the one population into two over a period of several years. This is an example of

Allopatric speciation

Which process can be controlled most directly by humans?

Artificial selection

Use Figure 5-6. Which of the communities listed has the highest species evenness?

Both Communities 3 and 4

When a population suddenly reduces in size either from habitat loss, natural disaster or other changes in the environment, its genetic variation is affected. When this occurs, this is known as:

Bottleneck effect

Which of the following decreases genetic variation?

Bottleneck effect and Genetic drift

Use Figure 5-1. Which of the following is a true statement about the comparison between Communities 1 and 2 shown?

Communities 1 and 2 have the same species richness

Use Figure 5-1. Which of the following is the best description of the two communities shown?

Community 1 has a higher evenness and equal richness to community 2.

Use Figure 5-6. Which of the communities listed most clearly represents a community with low species evenness?

Community 2

Use Figure 5-6. The table lists the number of individuals of each species found within four field communities. Which of the communities listed is most diverse overall?

Community 3

Use Figure 5-6. Which of the communities listed would be least vulnerable to the effects of environmental disturbances?

Community 3

Use Figure 5-5. The diagram represents a layer of soil with fossils located in the various layers of sediments. Which layer would contain the oldest fossils?

E

The variety of genes within a species is called its

Genetic diversity

In a small population when genotypes are lost by chance it is called

Genetic drift

Which of the following would be the best example of an individual's phenotype?

Having brown eyes

What cellular processes can create genetic diversity?

Mutation + Recombination

Use Figure 5-3. How would you classify species 2?

Niche generalist

Which type of species would be most vulnerable to environmental changes?

Niche specialists

Which of the following would not be considered when determining the fundamental niche of a species?

Reproductive rate

Which of the following measurements used to measure diversity within an ecosystem?

Species richness and species evenness

Which of the following is the best description of evolution?

The genetic change within a population over time.

Use Figure 5-5. Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is incorrect?

The layers show an increase in complexity of living organisms

Which of the following is the best description of species evenness?

The relative dominance of each species within an ecosystem.

If allopatric speciation has occurred after a population has split into two distinct populations, what is the most likely result if the two species are reunited after many generations?

The two populations would not be able to interbreed.

Use Figure 5-5. Based on the fossils found at each level in the diagram, which of the following conclusions would be most valid?

There was a decrease in sea level.

When an organism has a trait that improves that individual's fitness for an environment, it is known as

an adaptation