Chapter 5 The Integumentary System

Match the following terms to their definitions. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.

1. Stratum corneum: The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable. 2. Stratum spinosum: The layer of the epidermis that is several layers thick and contains pre-keratin. 3. Stratum basale: The layer that contains the mitotic viable cells of the epidermis. 4. Stratum granulosum: The layer of the epidermis that contains one to five layers of flattened cells and deteriorating organelles.

Which structure is a type of sweat gland?

C

What is the structure indicated by label E?

a dermal papilla

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________.

accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer

Layer B is composed primarily of __________.

areolar connective tissue

The arrector pili muscle's predominate, useful function in humans is to ________.

assist in the release sebum from nearby sebaceous glands

Which of the following would be a sign of a melanoma?

asymmetry

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated ________.

by hormones, especially androgens

Earwax is made by __________.

ceruminous glands

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Layers B and C collectively form the __________.

dermis

What is the function of structure B?

detection of pressure stimulus

Which layer of tissue is damaged in a first-degree burn?

epidermis

When a patient is said to have "third-degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body.

false

A patient has skin that is slightly blue in color. A likely treatment for this person might be ________.

giving the patient supplemental oxygen by mask

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

in the axillary and anogenital area

What is the most common cell type in the epidermis?

keratinocytes

Which skin pigment is made in the skin as a natural defense against UV radiation?

melanin

The skin is not a __________ barrier.

metabolic

A dendritic or Langerhans cell is a specialized ________.

phagocytic cell

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen

Which glands secrete an oily product that softens the skin and hair?

sebaceous glands

Overactive sebaceous glands can cause...

seborrhea, a disease characterized by red, itchy lesions on the scalp

Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?

stratum basale

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch?

tactile cells

A light-skinned person may appear pink when they become over heated. The best explanation for this is ________.

the blood vessels of the dermis have undergone vasodilation, bringing a greater volume of blood to the skin

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________.

the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber

The nails can provide signs of health and disease. Which of the following could be a sign of an underlying medical problem?

the nails appear yellow

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

the reticular layer

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following would indicate a liver disease such as hepatitis resulting in elevated bilirubin?

the skin and sclera of the eyes appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint

William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information, you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________.

the stratum basale but not the dermal layers

If a person were born without eccrine glands, what skin function would he or she have a hard time completing?

thermoregulation

What is the function of the structure at A?

to lubricate hair and prevent infection