Chapter 5 Urinalysis Questions

A 24 hour urine collection is preferred for determination of creatinine clearance because of diurnal variation in the A. glomerular filtration rate B. plasma creatinine C. creatinine excretion D. urine excretion

A

All of the following conditions may produce noturia expect? A. Anuria B. Pregnancy C. Chronic renal diseas D. Fluid intake at night

A

Another name for excessive thirst is A. polydipsia B. polyuria. C. hydrophilia D. hydrostasis

A

Measuring the quantity of hydrogen ion excreted as titratable acids and ammonium salts in urine provides a measure of A. tubular secretory function. B. tubular reabsorptive function. C. glomerular filtration ability. D. renal concentrating ability.

A

The concentration of which substances provides the best means of distinguishing urine from other body fluids? A. Creatinine and urea B. Glucose and protein C. Uric acid and ammonia D. Water and electrolytes

A

The glomerular filtration rate is controlled by A. the renal blood flow. B. the renal plasma flow. C. the countercurrent mechanism. D. hormones (e.g., aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone).

A

Which of the following solutes are present in the largest molar amounts in urine? A. Urea, Chloride, and Sodium B. Urea, Creatinine, sodium C. Creatinine, uric acid, and ammonium D. Urea, uric acid, and ammonium

A

Which renal function is assessed using specific gravity and osmolality measurements? A. Concentrating ability B. Glomerular filtration ability C. Tubular excretion ability D. Tubular secretion ability

A

the following data are obtained from a 60 yr old female who is 4'8" and weighs 88 lb: Plasma creatinine: 1.2 mg/dL Urine creatinine 500 mg/L Urine volume 1440 mL/24hr A. Calculate the creatinine clearane B calculate the normal clearane Are these results normal for his patient

A. 42 mL/min B. 58mL/min C. Yes

A 45-year-old female African American had her serum creatinine determined using a creatinine method that is NOT calibrated to an IDMS reference method. Her serum creatinine was 1.5 mg/dL; what is her eGFR using the appropriate MDRD equation?

B

A fluid deprivation test involves the measurement of serum and urine A. density B. osmolality C. specific gravity D. volume

B

A free water clearance value of -1.2 would be expected from a patient experiencing A. polyuria B. dehydration C. water diuresis D. excessive fluid intake

B

Renal clearance is defined as the volume of A. urine cleared of a substance per minute B. plasma cleared of a substance in a time interval C. plasma flowing through the kidney per minute D. plasma containing the same amount of substance in 1 mL of urine

B

Renal excretion is not involved in the elimination of? A. Electrolytes and water B. Normal by-products of fat metabolism C. Soluble metabolic wastes (urea, creatinine) D. Exogenous substance (drugs, x-ray contrast media)

B

Specific gravity measurements are not affected by A. temperature B. Solute charge C. Solute Mass D. Solute number

B

The ultrafiltrate in the urinary space of the glomerulus has a specific gravity of A. 1.005 and a lower osmolality than the blood plasm B. 1.010 and the same osmolality as the blood plasma C. 1.015 and a higher osmolality than the blood plasma D. 1.035 and a higher osmolality than the blood plasm

B

The volume of plasma cleared per minute in excess of that required for solute elimination is called A. creatinine clearance B. free water clearance C. Osmolar clearanceD. renal clearane

B

When the body is dehydrated the kidneys A. excrete excess solutes in a constant volume of urine B. excrete solutes in as small a volume of urine as possible C. decrease the quantity of solutes excreted and decrease the urine volume D. increase the quantity of solutes excreted while holding the urine volume constantA

B

Which of the following situations results in an erroneous creatinine clearance measurement? A. a 24 hour urine collection from an individual on a vegetarian diet B. a 24 hour urine collection maintained at room temperature

B

12. Occasionally the specific gravity of a urine specimen exceeds that physiologically possible. Which of the following substances when found in urine could account for such a high value A. creatinine B. gluose C. mannitol D. protein

C

A fluid deprivation test is used to A. determine renal plasma flowB. investigate the cause of oliguriaC. assess renal concentrating abilityD. measure the glomerular filtration rate

C

For measurement of renal plasma flow, p-aminohippurate is an ideal substance to use because it A. is easily measured in urine and plasma. B. is endogenous and does not require an infusion. C. is secreted completely in its first pass through the kidneys. D. maintains a constant plasma concentration throughout the test

C

Osmolality is a mesure of solute A. Density B. mass C. number D. weight

C

Serum osmolality remains relatively constant, wheres the urine osmolality ranges from? A. one thir to one half that of serum B. one third to equal that of serum C. one to three times that of serum D. three to five times that of serum

C

The daily volume of urine excreated normally ranges from (in mL/day) A. 100-500 B 100-1800 C. 500-1800 D. 1000-3000D

C

The maximum osmallity that urine can achieve is determined by the A. quantity of solutes ingested in the diet. B. Presence of antidiuretic hormone in the collecting tubules. C. Osmolality of the medullary interstitium D. Osmalality of fluid entering the collecting tubules

C

The osmolality of a solution containing 10 mole of urea is equal to that of a solutin containing? A. 1.0 mole of HCL B. 1.0 mole of H2PO4 C. 0.5 mole of NaCL D. 0.5 mole of glucose

C

What is the definition of the osmolality of a solution? A. The density of solute particles per liter of solvent B. The mass of solute particles per kilogram of solvent C. The number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent D. The weight of solute particles per liter of solvent

C

What percentage of the total cardiac output is received by the kidneys? A. 8% B. 15% C. 25% D. 33%

C

Which of the following is an endogenous substance used to measure glomerular filtration rate? A. Urea B. inulin C. creatinine. D. p-Aminohippurate

C

Creatinine clearance results are normalized using an individual's body surface area to account for variations in the individuals A. age B. sex. C. dietary intake D. muscle mass

D

Creatinine is a good substance to use for a renal clearnce test becasue it A. is exogenous B. is reabsorbed C. is affected by fluid intake D. has a constant plasma concentration

D

The excreation of large volumes of urine (>3L/day) is called A. glucosuria B. hyperuria C. polydipsia D. PolyuriaC

D

The excretion of less than 400 mL of urine per day is called A. anuria B. hypouria C. nocturia D. oliguria

D

The oral ammonium chloride test evaluates the ability of the tubules to secrete A. ammonium and chloride. B. phosphate and sodium. C. bicarbonate and chloride. D. ammonia and hydrogen

D

Which of the following groups would be expected to have the greatest 24-hour excretions of creatinine? A. infants B. children C. Women D. Men

D

Which of the following solutes if added to pure water affect the specific gravity more than it affects its osmolality A. sodium B. chloride C. potassium D. Glucose

D

Calculate the osmolar and free water clearnces using the following patient data Serum osmolality 305 mOsm/kg Urine osmolality 250 mOsm/kg Urine volume 300 mL/2hours A. Is this individual excreting more water than is necessary for solute removal? Y/N B. Is the osmolar clearance normal ( ie 2-3 mL/min) Y/N C. From the free water clearance result obtained is the urine hypos osmotic or hyperosmotic

Yes Yes Hypo-osmotic