Chapter 50

Insulin's primary effect is to do which of the following? Increase sugar retention by the kidneys Increase the heart rate Stimulate cellular uptake of blood glucose Stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

Stimulate cellular uptake of blood glucose

Where are the receptors of steroid hormones located? Choose all that apply. In the cell membrane In the cytosol In the mitochondria In the nucleus In the cell wall

In the cytosol In the nucleus

Which of the following function(s) both as an endocrine and an exocrine gland? Hypothalamus Pancreas Thymus Pituitary Thyroid

Pancreas

Regulation of energy availability to cells is primarily the role of hormones produced by which glands? Pancreas Adrenal glands Liver Kidney Thyroid glands

Pancreas Adrenal glands

When the blood glucose concentration decreases, the pancreas secretes the hormone ________ into the blood. This hormone acts on the liver, stimulating the breakdown of _________ into many molecules of glucose, which are then secreted into the blood.

glucagon glycogen

The adrenal glands are located on top of the gonads. on top of the kidneys. on top of the liver. in the brain stem. in the neck region.

on top of the kidneys.

label figure 50.6

pg 1067

During dehydration, the hormone ______ is secreted into the blood from the posterior pituitary. It acts to increase the number of water-channel proteins called aquaporins present in the membranes of kidney tubule cells, and thus allows more water to be recaptured during urine formation. ANP TSH ACTH ADH

ADH

Which of the following is a function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? Acts on the adrenal glands to decrease epinephrine production Acts on the kidney cells to increase urine production Acts on the adrenal glands to increase epinephrine producion Acts on the kidney cells to decrease urine production

Acts on the kidney cells to decrease urine production

The posterior pituitary gland, which is an extension of the hypothalamus, can store which of the following hormones? Antidiuretic hormone Luteinizing hormone Growth hormone Oxytocin Prolactin

Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin

______ are hormones synthesized by the adrenal gland, and which stimulate the break down of muscle protein. Leptin Glucocorticoids Glucagon Mineralocorticoids Insulin

Glucocorticoids

Which of the following pairs of hormones are truly antagonistic? Growth hormone and Juvenile hormone Insulin and glucagon FSH and LH Epinephrine and norepinephrine TSH and PTH

Insulin and glucagon

Tony has a heavy snack consisting of three sugar-glazed doughnuts, a piece of cheesecake, and a large soft drink. Which of the following statements about his hormone levels after this snack is TRUE? The levels of both insulin and glucagon are expected to increase. Insulin levels are expected to decrease, while glucagon levels are expected to increase. Insulin levels are expected to increase, while glucagon levels are expected to decrease. The levels of both insulin and glucagon are expected to decrease.

Insulin levels are expected to increase, while glucagon levels are expected to decrease.

Which of the following statements about the posterior pituitary gland is TRUE? It stores two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary It is under the control of neurohormones produced by the hypothalamus It stores two hormones produced by the hypothalamus It is under the control of neurohormones produced by the anterior pituitary

It stores two hormones produced by the hypothalamus

Which of the following hormones are responsible for most of the physiological reactions of the fight-or-flight response? Norepinephrine Epinephrine Glucagon Parathyroid hormone Insulin Thyroid hormone

Norepinephrine Epinephrine

Where are insulin and glucagon produced? Pancreas Kidney Gall bladder Liver Hypothalamus

Pancreas

Which of the following endocrine glands is physically connected to the hypothalamus? Pineal gland Thyroid gland Pituitary gland Thymus gland

Pituitary gland

What are the three broad chemical classes of hormones? Polypeptides Phospholipids Amines Lipoproteins Carbohydrates steroids

Polypeptides Amines steroids

Which of the following is an extension of the hypothalamus? Posterior pituitary gland Thymus gland Anterior pituitary gland Parathyroid gland Thyroid gland

Posterior pituitary gland

The adrenal gland plays a major role in what? Response to stress Regulation of blood calcium levels Birth and lactation Growth and differentiation

Response to stress

Cortisol belongs to which class of hormones? Amine Steroid Fatty acids Peptide/protein

Steroid

There are three broad classes of hormones. Which of the following characteristics apply to ALL three of them? They all travel in the bloodstream They all bind to receptors at target cells They are all soluble in lipids They are all derived from amino acids They are all soluble in water

They all travel in the bloodstream They all bind to receptors at target cells

Which statement is true about all endocrine cells? They secrete hormones that travel through the nervous system to target cells. They secrete hormones into special ducts, which channel them to target cells. They store hormones that are secreted by exocrine glands. They secrete hormones that travel through the bloodstream to target cells.

They secrete hormones that travel through the bloodstream to target cells.

Epinephrine, synthesized in the medulla of the _______ gland, increases available energy, heart rate and metabolism.

adrenal

Epinephrine, synthesized in the medulla of the ________ gland, increases available energy, heart rate and metabolism.

adrenal

Hormones of the _______ glands and ________ regulate the concentration of energy-yielding molecules in the blood.

adrenal pancreas

The fasciculata zone of the ______ produces cortisol, which is a steroid that is also called a glucocorticoid due to some of its functions. adrenal cortex anterior pituitary adrenal medulla posterior pituitary

adrenal cortex

The fasciculata zone of the ______ produces cortisol, which is a steroid that is also called a glucocorticoid due to some of its functions. adrenal medulla anterior pituitary adrenal cortex posterior pituitary

adrenal cortex

The cortex of the adrenal gland produces the hormone _________ which plays a role in maintaining mineral and water balance.

aldosterone

Amine and polypeptide hormones generally bind to receptors located in the: nucleus cell wall mitochondria cytoplasm cell membrane

cell membrane

An exocrine gland is one that secretes chemicals into a duct which carries them to another site in or out of the body. antibodies into the extracellular fluid where they protect against microbial infections. hormones directly into the bloodstream where they travel to target organs.

chemicals into a duct which carries them to another site in or out of the body.

Aldosterone is made by a region of the adrenal gland called the adrenal ________

cortex

The hormone aldosterone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland. medulla of the adrenal gland. parathyroid gland. anterior pituitary gland. cortex of the adrenal gland.

cortex of the adrenal gland.

Hormone synthesis and secretion is the primary function of _______ glands

endocrine

Hormone-producing cells are often found in specialized glands, called ______ glands. autocrine paracrine endocrine exocrine

endocrine

The ________ system is the organ system consisting of the glands that secrete hormones and of the molecular receptors on or in the target cells that respond to the hormones.

endocrine

Increased heart and lung function, as well as increased alertness are features of the _______ - _______ - flight response. These physiological reactions are largely due to the two hormones epinephrine and __________

fight or flight norepinephrine

A ________ is a molecule produced by one tissue and transported via the bloodstream to another specific tissue to alter its physiological activity.

hormone

Regulatory chemicals produced by endocrine glands are called ________

hormones

The ________ and _________ gland play the major roles in linking the endocrine and nervous systems.

hypothalamus pituitary

The levels of glucose in the blood are reduced due to the action of the hormone ________

insulin

The hormones _________ and _________ are produced by Islets of Langerhans cells in the pancreas.

insulin glucagon

When the blood glucose concentration increases, the pancreas secretes the hormone _________ into the blood. This hormone acts on receptors in adipose and muscle cells to transport _________ across the plasma membrane

insulin glucose

The _______ pituitary gland contains axon terminals from hypothalamic neurons that store and secrete two hormones.

posterior

The hormone aldosterone: regulates blood levels of glucose stimulates growth of bones stimulates thyroid hormone production stimulates release of gametes regulates mineral and water balance

regulates mineral and water balance