Chapter 51: COURSE POINT
The nurse is teaching a 62-year-old client about hydrochlorothiazide, which the health care provider has prescribed for treatment of hypertension. What statement, made by the client, suggests that the client understands the teaching?
"I will need to stand slowly."
A client asks, "Why is my prescription being switched from furosemide to spironolactone?" What is the nurse's best response?
"You will lose less potassium with spironolactone than with furosemide."
A patient is receiving acetazolamide in a sustained release form. The nurse would anticipate the onset of drug action in approximately which time frame?
2 hours
The health care provider orders furosemide for a pediatric client. The nurse knows that the established dose of the drug should not exceed how many milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day?
6
An older adult client has a complex medical history that includes heart failure, type 1 diabetes, and diabetic nephropathy. The nurse has questioned a health care provider's prescription for oral spironolactone because the client's health problems would contribute to a high risk of which adverse reaction?
Hyperkalemia
The nurse assesses a client receiving furosemide for:
Hypotension
When describing where bumetanide acts, what would the nurse include?
Loop of Henle
A male client has cirrhosis and is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse knows that what drug will help prevent metabolic alkalosis or hypokalemia in this client?
Spironolactone
A client with heart failure has developed acute shortness of breath and pulmonary edema. The nurse will prepare for administration of what medication and via what route?
furosemide IV
An adult client with multiple chronic health problems has been prescribed furosemide in the management of hypertension. When reviewing this client's current medication administration record, what drug should signal the nurse to a potentially increased risk of hypokalemia?
prednisone
What substance is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
sodium
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperaldosteronism. For which diuretic would the nurse prepare teaching for the client?
spironolactone
A patient with a longstanding diagnosis of chronic renal failure has experienced a significant decline in urine output in recent days, prompting him to seek care at a local clinic. A nurse at the clinic has suggested to a colleague that the administration of a diuretic such as hydrochlorothiazide may improve the patient's urine output. How should the colleague best respond to this suggestion?
"Actually, patients with renal failure usually can't take hydrochlorothiazide."
A client with heart failure is prescribed a loop diuretic. Which client statement indicates that teaching provided by the nurse about this medication was effective?
"I will change positions slowly if I feel dizzy."
A client receives a dose of furosemide intravenously at 8:00 AM. The nurse would expect this drug to exert is peak effects at which time?
8:30 AM
A 75-year-old client is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and chronic congestive heart failure. The health care provider orders a combination of digoxin and diuretics to treat the client's diseases. Recent laboratory results indicate that the client's potassium level is 2 mEq/L. This client is at risk for which problem?
Digoxin toxicity
The pharmacology instructor is discussing the various diuretic agents and their sites of action in the nephron. In what part of the nephron do thiazide diuretics act?
Distal tubule
Diuretics increase the production and output of urine. Which statement helps explain how diuretics achieve these effects?
Diuretics reduce the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
A client with a diagnosis of hypertension has been prescribed a regimen of ramipril and hydrochlorothiazide. In the nurse's most recent assessment, the client reports weakness and leg cramps. In addition to reporting this finding to the health care provider, the nurse will perform which action?
Ensure the client's potassium level is promptly evaluated.
A client prescribed both an ACE inhibitor and a beta-blocker for the treatment of hypertension has been consistently obtaining blood pressure readings in the vicinity of 145/90 mm Hg. As a result, the client's primary health care provider has prescribed furosemide. What order would be most consistent with this client's health needs?
Furosemide 40 mg PO BID
When preparing the teaching plan for a male client who is prescribed spironolactone, the nurse would alert the client to which potential adverse effect?
Gynecomastia
A male client has cirrhosis of the liver that has caused ascites. The nurse knows that what condition may occur if diuretics are used to reduce the ascites?
Hepatic encephalopathy
A male client is prescribed potassium-sparing diuretics to treat his disease process. During his annual visit to the health care provider, he reports experiencing muscle weakness and tingling in his fingers. What does the nurse suspect is wrong with this client?
Hyperkalemia
A client who has been taking hydrochlorothiazide arrives at the clinic for his 1-month follow-up appointment. The client tells the nurse that he feels weaker since he began taking the drug. What should the nurse consider as a possible cause of these symptoms?
Hypokalemia
A primary health care provider has prescribed a loop diuretic for hypertension in a client with diabetes mellitus. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize?
Increased blood glucose levels
What would contraindicate the use of indapamide?
Renal disease
A health care provider prescribes diuretic therapy to a client with nephrotic syndrome. The nurse suspects that the client is hyponatremic based on which assessment finding?
Tachycardia
Which medication exerts its effects by depressing the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules, thereby increasing sodium and water excretion?
Triamterene
A nurse administers chlorothiazide to a client with renal compromise. Which action should the nurse prioritize after noting the BUN level is rising?
Withhold the next dose of the drug.
When providing medication teaching to a client who has been prescribed spironolactone, what foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
bananas
A nurse understands that loop diuretics are considered high ceiling diuretics because they:
cause a greater diuresis.
A physician has prescribed triamterene to a client with renal disease. The client informs the nurse that they are taking potassium supplements to address some heart problems. The nurse would be alert for which of the following?
increased risk of hyperkalemia.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client with edema who is prescribed a diuretic. Which teaching should the nurse prioritize?
Administer early in the day.
A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure. The health care provider has prescribed a diuretic therapy for the client to promote dieresis. What intervention should the nurse perform to prevent the inconvenience caused by increased urination?
Administer the drug early in the day.
What type of diet should a patient taking diuretics have?
Eat potassium-rich or low-potassium diet as appropriate
After teaching a group of students about loop diuretics, the instructor determines that the teaching has been successful when the students identify which agent as the safest for use in the home?
Furosemide
A 91-year-old client, who is being prepared for discharge, has been prescribed the diuretic spironolactone. While teaching the client about the drug, what major adverse effect should the nurse be sure to mention?
Hyperkalemia
A client is admitted to the emergency department with pulmonary edema. What diuretic does the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe to achieve rapid therapeutic effect?
Loop diuretic
Because of the action of methazolamide, the nurse would assess a patient closely for signs and symptoms of which acid-base imbalance?
Metabolic acidosis
Ms. Crampton is prescribed furosemide for chronic heart failure. The nurse knows that furosemide can cause electrolyte imbalances and what other serious side effect?
Metabolic alkalosis
The nurse has finished a teaching session with a client who is prescribed a diuretic to be taken twice a day. The nurse determines the session is successful when the client correctly chooses which times to take the drug?
At breakfast and midafternoon
The nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of hydrochlorothiazide to a client. What assessment should the nurse perform prior to administration?
Sulfonamide allergy
The nurse is caring for an older adult client who receives furosemide on a regular basis. The nurse should prioritize assessments related to what health problem?
dehydration
A 49-year-old client reports frequent muscle cramps while on hydrochlorothiazide therapy. The nurse would advise the client to do which?
eat potassium-rich foods.
The nurse is caring for a client with increased intracranial pressure. Which diuretic would the nurse anticipate being prescribed for this client?
mannitol
To which client should the nurse anticipate administering mannitol?
the client with increased intracranial pressure secondary to a subarachnoid hemorrhage