Chapter 51: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption
5. The nutritional disease kwashiorkor results from a(n) a. protein deficiency. b. vitamin deficiency. c. calorie deficiency. d. overdose of fat-soluble vitamins. e. overdose of thyroxine.
a Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
10. Most animals digest dietary proteins into their constituent amino acids and then synthesize new proteins because a. macromolecules like proteins cannot be readily transported through plasma membranes. b. protein structure and function are highly species-specific. c. foreign proteins are considered invaders and are attacked by the immune system. d. All of the above e. None of the above
d Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
4. The major form of stored energy in animal bodies is _______, because it _______. a. protein; is a long-term energy storage form b. glycogen; breaks down into readily usable carbohydrates c. glycogen; is lightweight d. fat; has the highest energy content per gram e. fat; is readily stored and dissolved in water
d Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
12. Which of the following statements about vitamin C is false? a. It is necessary for wound healing. b. It is obtained from fresh greens and fruit in the diet. c. It is an essential vitamin for humans. d. It is a fat-soluble vitamin. e. An excess of vitamin C is excreted.
d Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1072 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
18. Primates should eat citrus fruit to prevent scurvy, which is due to a deficiency of a. niacin. b. thiamin. c. calciferol. d. ascorbic acid. e. biotin.
d Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1073 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
23. Which of the following does not represent a carnivorous feeding adaptation? a. A spiderweb b. Rattlesnake venom c. Bat echolocation d. An elephant's trunk e. A jellyfish tentacle
d Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1074 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
32. For most animals, absorption of nutrients occurs a. intracellularly. b. in the gastrovascular cavity. c. in the coelomic body cavity. d. in the midgut. e. in the crop.
d Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1075-1076 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
34. Which of the following structures of a tubular digestive tract is involved mainly with water and ion recovery? a. Gizzard b. Buccal cavity c. Stomach d. Hindgut e. Midgut
d Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1075-1076 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
35. Which of the following structures does not serve to increase surface area for nutrient absorption? a. A human's intestinal villi b. An earthworm's infolding of the intestinal wall c. A shark's spiral valve d. A bird's gizzard e. A human intestinal microvilli
d Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1076 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
37. Which structure of the vertebrate gut is a membrane covering the abdominal organs? a. Circular muscle layer b. Mucosal layer c. Submucosal layer d. Peritoneum e. Longitudinal muscle layer
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1078 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
39. The gut of a vertebrate is often described as an elongated tube consisting of four layers of different cell types. Which of the following represents the correct order of those layers, from innermost (lumen-facing) to outermost? a. Submucosa, cartilage, mucosa, endoplasmic reticulum b. Smooth muscle layers, submucosa, mucosa, cartilage c. Cartilage, smooth muscle layers, mucosa, circular muscle d. Mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle e. Cartilage, mucosa, endoplasmic reticulum, submucosa
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1078 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
40. Movement of food from the stomach into the esophagus is normally prevented by a. peristalsis. b. reverse peristalsis. c. the pyloric sphincter. d. a sphincter. e. the pharynx.
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1078 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
41. Which of the following statements about movement of food in the gut is false? a. Three sphincters are found in the vertebrate gut. b. Peristalsis can move food in both directions. c. Stretched smooth muscle contracts. d. Peristalsis begins when food enters the glottis. e. The muscle in a sphincter is normally contracted.
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1078-1079 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
43. The major enzyme produced by the stomach is a. amylase. b. chyme. c. mucus. d. pepsin. e. trypsin.
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1079 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
42. The sweetness that you taste if you keep chewing a piece of bread is due the action of the enzyme a. maltase. b. sucrase. c. lactase. d. amylase. e. pepsin.
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1079 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
48. Which of the following is not caused by the HCl secreted in the stomach? a. Activation of the principal zymogen of the stomach b. Proper pH for the digestive enzyme of the stomach c. Breakdown of ingested tissues d. Formation of chylomicrons e. Death of ingested bacteria
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1079 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
57. A lipase is an enzyme that breaks down a. carbohydrates. b. nucleic acids. c. proteins. d. fat molecules. e. fatty acids.
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1082 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
51. Bile aids in the breakdown of lipids by a. hydrolyzing lipids. b. activating hydrolytic enzymes. c. aggregating droplets of lipids. d. emulsifying lipids. e. making lipids water soluble.
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1082 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
22. The nutritional deficiency disease beriberi is caused by an inadequate supply of the water-soluble vitamin a. B1 (thiamin). b. B2 (riboflavin). c. B12 (cobalamin). d. folic acid. e. C (ascorbic acid).
a Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1073-1074 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
26. Nematocysts are an adaptation used by _______ to inject toxin into a victim. a. jellyfish b. spiders c. snakes d. short-tailed shrews e. pufferfish
a Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1074 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
47. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by a. low pH. b. chyme. c. enterokinase. d. trypsinogen. e. amylase from the salivary glands.
a Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1079 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
56. Which of the following proteases is produced by the small intestine? a. Dipeptidase b. Chymotrypsin c. Trypsin d. Carboxypeptidase e. Pepsin
a Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1082 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
53. The acidic chyme in the small intestine is neutralized by a. bicarbonate from the pancreas. b. buffers from the jejunum. c. bile from the liver. d. trypsin activation. e. a variety of zymogens.
a Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1082 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
54. Which of the following statements about digestion is false? a. The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins are secreted by the pancreas. b. The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of proteins produce absorbable tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids. c. The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of the common disaccharides are produced by the intestinal epithelial cells. d. The enzymes that carry out the final step in the digestion of the common disaccharides produce absorbable monosaccharides. e. Unabsorbed lactose is metabolized by bacteria in the colon.
a Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1082 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
74. Which of the following statements about the hormonal control of fuel metabolism is false? a. During the absorptive period, the liver converts glycogen into glucose. b. During the postabsorptive period, the body cells preferentially use fatty acids for metabolic fuel. c. Cells of the nervous system depend almost exclusively on glucose for metabolic fuel. d. Glucagon plays a major role during the postabsorptive period by causing the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and stimulating gluconeogenesis. e. Cells of the pancreas release insulin during the absorptive period.
a Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1086 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
7. Which of the following statements about undernourishment is false? a. One-sixth of the world's population is undernourished. b. Several weeks of fasting are required to deplete glycogen reserves. c. Self-imposed starvation is called anorexia nervosa. d. The loss of blood proteins during starvation leads to edema. e. During starvation, fat reserves are exhausted before the metabolism of body protein is accelerated.
b Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
9. Certain amino acids are called essential amino acids because they a. are required for making protein. b. cannot be made from other amino acids and must be obtained from food. c. are universally needed by all animals. d. are essential as an energy source. e. are required for making nucleic acids.
b Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
8. Compared to carnivores, herbivores require _______ essential amino acids and consequently are less likely to suffer from _______. a. fewer; undernourishment b. fewer; malnourishment c. more; undernourishment d. more; malnourishment e. more; overnourishment
b Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
14. Which of the following statements about vitamins is false? a. Vitamins, like essential amino acids and fatty acids, are organic molecules. b. Most vertebrates require the same vitamins. c. Vitamins function mostly as, or as parts of, coenzymes. d. Vitamins are required only in very small amounts. e. Humans require more water-soluble vitamins than fat-soluble vitamins.
b Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1072-1073 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
16. The nutritional deficiency disease rickets is caused by an inadequate supply of the fat-soluble vitamin a. A (retinol). b. D (calciferol). c. E (tocopherol). d. K (menadione). e. biotin.
b Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1073 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
19. The nutritional deficiency disease simple goiter is caused by inadequate supply of the micronutrient a. fluoride. b. iodine. c. chromium. d. zinc. e. copper.
b Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1073 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
15. Vitamin D is obtained by different people in various ways. For example, a. dark-skinned people of high latitudes, such as the Inuit, obtain it from sunlight. b. dark-skinned people of low latitudes obtain it from tropical sunlight. c. some people obtain it from protein molecules that absorb sunlight. d. some people obtain it from water-soluble components of foods. e. light-skinned people of middle latitudes obtain it from drinking water.
b Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1073 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
30. Which of the following teeth are less prominent in animals with a diet consisting mainly of plants? a. Incisors b. Canines c. Premolars d. Molars e. Cheek teeth
b Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1075 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
28. A mammal with a diet of grain and leaves would be expected to have which kind of teeth? a. Prominent canine teeth and small molars b. Prominent molars and small canines c. Prominent molars and small premolars d. A balanced set of incisors, molars, and canines e. Prominent canine teeth and small incisors
b Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1075 Bloom's Category: 3. Applying
36. Which layer of the vertebrate gut shows adaptations for increasing absorptive surface area? a. Lumen b. Mucosa c. Submucosa d. Serosa e. Peritoneum
b Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1077-1078 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
46. Which of the following structures is not encountered by a food bolus as it is swallowed? a. Epiglottis b. Larynx c. Soft palate d. Pharynx e. Esophagus
b Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1079 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
49. Most gastric (stomach) ulcers are caused by a. stress. b. an infectious bacterium. c. the oversecretion of digestive juices. d. old age. e. an acidic diet.
b Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1079-1080 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
52. Most absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract takes place in the a. stomach. b. small intestine. c. large intestine. d. liver. e. pancreas.
b Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1082 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
58. How does cotransport of sodium in a symport facilitate glucose absorption? a. Active transport of sodium aids in salt uptake. b. When sodium diffuses into cells, glucose is carried along with it. c. When sodium is pumped into cells, glucose moves out of the cells. d. Sodium and glucose both diffuse into cells from the gut. e. Glucose is actively transported into the gut.
b Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1083 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
63. The vertebrate gut is analogous to a(n) a. assembly line building cars. b. junkyard where pieces of cars are removed one by one. c. cornfield capturing sunlight to form carbohydrates. d. migrating herd of wildebeest. e. chef combining ingredients to produce a meal.
b Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1084 Bloom's Category: 4. Analyzing
65. Eating a small serving of a food that is very acidic might present something of a paradox to your stomach because a. the stomach can handle a low pH well, but might not detect its presence if the serving size is too small. b. the presence of food in the stomach typically causes release of gastrin, but low pH inhibits release of gastrin. c. it could lead to overly acidic conditions in the stomach. d. the presence of food in the stomach typically causes release of pepsin, but low pH inhibits release of pepsin. e. the high pH of the food could trigger release of bile in the stomach.
b Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1085 Bloom's Category: 4. Analyzing
71. Which of the following molecules contain mostly triglycerides and transport them to fat cells in tissues? a. Chylomicrons b. Very low-density lipoproteins c. Low-density lipoproteins d. High-density lipoproteins e. Cholecystokinin
b Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1086 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
73. The effects of glucagon include a. stimulating glucose uptake into cells. b. stimulating liver cells to break down glycogen. c. controlling blood glucose in the absence of insulin. d. stimulating cells to store energy as fat. e. None of the above
b Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1086 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
75. The protein leptin a. is produced by cells of the hypothalamus. b. signals the brain about the status of body fat reserves. c. is found in lower-than-normal levels in most obese humans. d. serves as a positive feedback signal to the brain to limit food intake. e. is an environmental toxin that accumulates in body fat.
b Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1087 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
1. Organisms that derive their energy and molecular nutrients from other organisms are called a. autotrophs. b. herbivores. c. heterotrophs. d. photosynthetic. e. protists.
c Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1068 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
2. The energy content of food is described in terms of calories because a. the amount of energy in food depends on the temperature. b. food heats up as it is being digested. c. the energy in food ultimately becomes heat. d. heat is the main product of digestion. e. heat is the main product of respiration.
c Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1068-1069 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
11. Which of the following statements about the essential amino acids is false? a. Most animals have some essential amino acids. b. Ingesting a surplus of one essential amino acid cannot compensate for a shortage of another. c. Some foods, such as legumes, supply all eight of the essential amino acids in humans. d. Acetyl groups can be combined with amino groups to produce many of the nonessential amino acids. e. Like amino acids, some fatty acids are essential.
c Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070-1071 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
13. Vitamins are essential nutrients for cells because they _______ and cannot be synthesized by the animal itself. a. are used as an energy source b. are used to digest foods c. function as coenzymes d. Both a and b e. All of the above
c Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1072-1073 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
17. People living in impoverished regions, as well as people with alcohol addiction, frequently have a niacin deficiency called a. beriberi. b. kwashiorkor. c. pellagra. d. scurvy. e. rickets.
c Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1073 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
20. A strictly vegetarian diet with no vitamin B12 supplements can lead to a. beriberi. b. pellagra. c. pernicious anemia. d. scurvy. e. night blindness.
c Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1073 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
21. Which of the following diseases is not due to a vitamin deficiency? a. Pellagra b. Rickets c. Goiter d. Pernicious anemia e. Beriberi
c Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1073-1074 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
29. The root of a typical tooth contains _______ and _______, but not _______. a. enamel; cement; a pulp cavity b. enamel; a pulp cavity; dentine c. dentine; a pulp cavity; enamel d. dentine; enamel; a pulp cavity e. cement; dentine; a pulp cavity
c Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1075 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
31. Which of the following structures is not used to grind food into fragments? a. Radula b. Gizzard c. Crop d. Mandible e. Tooth
c Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1075 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
33. Which of the following statements about the tubular digestive tract of animals is false? a. Food is digested extracellularly. b. There are two openings to the digestive tract. c. Food must always be broken into smaller pieces before ingestion. d. All digestion occurs inside the digestive tract. e. The digestive tract has specialized segments.
c Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1075-1076 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
38. In the small intestine, the blood and lymph vessels that carry away absorbed nutrients lie in the _______ layer. a. microvilli b. mucosa c. submucosa d. circular muscle e. longitudinal muscle
c Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1078 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
44. The inactive form of stomach enzymes is activated by a. enterokinase. b. ATP. c. low pH. d. the appropriate substrate molecule. e. the presence of water.
c Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1079 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
45. In the stomach, pepsin activates pepsinogen molecules in a positive feedback process called a. emulsification. b. absorption. c. autocatalysis. d. rumination. e. excretion.
c Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1079 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
50. Which of the following statements about digestion in the small intestine is false? a. Most digestion occurs in the duodenum of the small intestine. b. Fat in the small intestine is emulsified by bile that is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. c. Bile molecules in the small intestine have one end that is lipophobic and one end that is hydrophilic. d. The pancreas secretes zymogens and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum of the small intestine. e. Enterokinase is secreted by intestinal mucosal cells.
c Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1081-1082 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
64. The first hormone ever discovered was a. testosterone. b. gastrin. c. secretin. d. gluconeogenase. e. glucagon.
c Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1085 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
66. Which of the following statements about gastrin is false? a. It stimulates secretion of pepsin. b. It stimulates secretion of HCl. c. It is activated by low pH. d. It increases motility in the stomach. e. It is secreted in the lower part of the stomach.
c Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1085 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
72. Insulin is released by the pancreas when blood levels of a. glucose fall. b. glucagon fall. c. glucose rise. d. glucagon rise. e. secretin fall.
c Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1086 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
60. Which of the following statements about the role of the large intestine in digestion is true? a. If too much water is reabsorbed from the feces, diarrhea results. b. The large intestine produces digestive enzymes. c. Helicobacter pylori is a normal inhabitant of the large intestine. d. The cecum is a fermentation chamber extending from the large intestine. e. The appendix is a vestigial colon.
d Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1083-1084 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
68. Which of the following activities is not carried out by the liver in the regulation of fuel metabolism? a. Conversion of nutrients into glycogen and fat b. Gluconeogenesis c. Synthesis of plasma proteins from amino acids d. Production of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for deposit in adipose tissue e. Processing of chylomicrons from the small intestine
d Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1085-1086 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
69. Low-density lipoproteins are _______ percent protein, _______ percent lipids, and _______ percent cholesterol. a. 25; 50; 25 b. 30; 30; 40 c. 30; 40; 30 d. 25; 25; 50 e. 35; 30; 35
d Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1086 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
70. One of the consequences of smoking is a lowered level of _______, which are beneficial molecules that accept cholesterol and probably remove it from the tissues to the liver. a. chylomicrons b. very-low-density lipoproteins c. low-density lipoproteins d. high-density lipoproteins e. cholecystokinin
d Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1086 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
3. Which of the following represents the order in which stored fuels are utilized in periods of starvation? a. Fats, glycogen, proteins b. Glycogen, proteins, fats c. Proteins, fats, glycogen d. Fats, proteins, glycogen e. Glycogen, fats, proteins
e Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
6. Which of the following statements about energy storage is true? a. Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and in muscle as glucose. b. Fat is not an important form of stored energy. c. Fat has the lowest energy content per gram. d. Protein is the most important energy storage component. e. The total glycogen stores are usually not more than a day's energy requirements.
e Textbook Reference: 51.1 What Do Animals Require from Food? Page: 1070 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
24. A filter feeder acquires food items by a. restraining prey with poison. b. restraining prey by means of claws and jaws. c. ingesting mud and extracting particles. d. filtering food substances from blood. e. extracting particles suspended in water.
e Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1074 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
25. _______ ingest both plant and animal food and process their food through _______ digestion. a. Predators; intracellular b. Omnivores; intracellular c. Carnivores; intracellular d. Herbivores; extracellular e. Omnivores; extracellular
e Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1074 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
27. A fundamental difference between saprobes and detritivores is that a. saprobes have long snouts that allow them access to food that is unavailable to detritivores. b. only saprobes absorb nutrients from dead organisms. c. detritivores are primarily bacteria. d. only detritivores seek out dead organic items and eat them. e. Both b and d
e Textbook Reference: 51.2 How Do Animals Ingest and Digest Food? Page: 1074 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
55. The enzyme lactase a. cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose. b. is produced by the small intestine. c. is not produced by many humans after childhood. d. cleaves milk sugar. e. All of the above
e Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1082 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
59. The major function of the colon, or large intestine, is the a. digestive breakdown of foods. b. absorption of nutrients from foods. c. housing of parasitic bacteria. d. secretion of bile and enzymes. e. reabsorption of water.
e Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1083 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
61. Ruminant animals, such as goats and cows, a. produce enzymes in their guts that break down cellulose. b. practice coprophagy. c. have a four-chambered stomach that provides a large surface area for better nutrient absorption. d. produce hydrogen sulfide, an important greenhouse gas. e. get much of their protein from the digestion of microorganisms.
e Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1083-1084 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
62. Which of the following is the true stomach of a ruminant? a. Cecum b. Reticulum c. Rumen d. Omasum e. Abomasum
e Textbook Reference: 51.3 How Does the Vertebrate Gastrointestinal System Function? Page: 1084 Bloom's Category: 1. Remembering
67. The hormone secretin is a chemical message a. secreted by the pancreas. b. secreted by the stomach. c. whose release is stimulated by the nervous system. d. that triggers the intestine to release enzymes. e. that triggers pancreatic secretion.
e Textbook Reference: 51.4 How Is the Flow of Nutrients Controlled and Regulated? Page: 1085 Bloom's Category: 2. Understanding
