Chapter 51 Quiz

Listed below are several examples of types of animal behavior. Match the letter of the correct term (A-E) to each example in the following question. A. operant conditioning B. agonistic behavior C. innate behavior D. imprinting E. altruistic behavior - A mother goat can recognize its own kid by smell. A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

D) D

A salmon returns to its home stream to spawn. What term best applies to this behavior? A) sign stimulus B) cognition C) imprinting D) classical conditioning E) operant conditioning

D) classical conditioning

How do altruistic behaviors arise through natural selection? A) By his/her actions, the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation. B) The altruist is appreciated by other members of the population because their survivability has been enhanced by virtue of his/her risky behavior. C) Animals that perform altruistic acts are allowed by their population to breed more, thereby passing on their behavior genes to future generations. D) Altruistic behaviors lower stress in populations, which increases the survivability of all the members of the population. E) All of the options are correct.

A) By his/her actions, the altruist increases the likelihood that some of its genes will be passed on to the next generation.

Which of the following statements about evolution of behavior is correct? A) Natural selection will favor behavior that enhances survival and reproduction. B) An animal may show behavior that minimizes reproductive fitness. C) If a behavior is less than optimal, it will eventually become optimal through natural selection. D) Innate behaviors can never be altered by natural selection. E) All of the statements are correct.

A) Natural selection will favor behavior that enhances survival and reproduction.

You discover a rare new bird species, but you are unable to observe its mating behavior. You see that the male is large and ornamental compared with the female. On this basis, you can probably conclude that the species is A) polygamous. B) monogamous. C) polyandrous. D) promiscuous. E) agonistic.

A) polygamous.

Parental protective behavior in turkeys is triggered by the cheeping sound of young chicks. What term best applies to this behavior? A) sign stimulus B) cognition C) imprinting D) classical conditioning E) operant conditioning

A) sign stimulus

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone and go through all of the steps of copulation. What is the best explanation for this behavior? A) The males learn to associate the sound with females. B) Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. C) The sound from the earphone irritates the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. D) The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. E) Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation.

B) Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it.

What is the normal imprinting stimulus to a hatchling graylag goose? A) an image of a model of an adult graylag goose B) a nearby object that is moving away C) recognition of its biological mother D) any other adult of its own species E) any human

B) a nearby object that is moving away

The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment, but behavior is ultimately shaped by A) hormones. B) evolution. C) sexuality. D) pheromones. E) the nervous system.

B) evolution.

A type of learning that can occur only during a brief period of early life and results in a behavior that is difficult to modify through later experiences is called A) insight. B) imprinting. C) habituation. D) operant conditioning. E) trial-and-error learning.

B) imprinting.

According to Hamilton's rule, A) natural selection does not favor altruistic behavior that causes the death of the altruist. B) natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the beneficiary, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist. C) natural selection is more likely to favor altruistic behavior that benefits an offspring than altruistic behavior that benefits a sibling. D) the effects of kin selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals. E) altruism is always reciprocal.

B) natural selection favors altruistic acts when the resulting benefit to the beneficiary, corrected for relatedness, exceeds the cost to the altruist.

Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distant food source by A) performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance. B) performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance. C) performing a round dance with fast rotations. D) emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone. E) varying wing vibration frequency.

B) performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance.

Research has shown that nocturnal animals navigate using A) olfactory cues. B) the North Star. C) the moon. D) landmarks. E) gravity.

B) the North Star.

What is the fitness benefit of polygamy in birds that rear precocious young? A) Females will copulate with many males to ensure that all of their eggs are fertilized. B) Females don't have to decide on one mate, and can copulate with as many males as she deems worthy to share her genes with in reproduction. C) Fit males don't have to help feed and rear young and can spend this time seeking and mating with many females. D) Females don't have to spend time rearing young and can mate and rear additional broods during a breeding season. E) Both males and females spend little time with courtship and brood-rearing, and don't tax their own physiology so they can breed again in subsequent breeding seasons.

C) Fit males don't have to help feed and rear young and can spend this time seeking and mating with many females.

A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called A) a sign stimulus. B) an inducer. C) a pheromone. D) an imprinter. E) an agonistic promoter.

C) a pheromone.

What type of signal is fast and requires daylight with no obstructions? A) olfactory B) visual C) auditory D) tactile E) electrical

C) auditory

Every morning at the same time, John went into the den to feed his new tropical fish. After a few weeks, he noticed that the fish swam to the top of the tank when he entered the room. This is an example of A) cognition. B) imprinting. C) classical conditioning. D) operant conditioning. E) maturation.

C) classical conditioning.

Displays of nocturnal mammals are usually A) visual and auditory. B) tactile and visual. C) olfactory and auditory. D) visual and olfactory. E) tactile and auditory.

C) olfactory and auditory.

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ in that A) classical conditioning takes longer. B) operant conditioning usually involves more intelligence. C) operant conditioning involves consequences for the animal's behavior. D) classical conditioning is restricted to mammals and birds. E) classical conditioning is much more useful for training domestic animals.

C) operant conditioning involves consequences for the animal's behavior.

Imagine that you are designing an experiment aimed at determining whether the initiation of migratory behavior is largely under genetic control. Of the following options, the best way to proceed is to A) observe genetically distinct populations in the field and see if they have different migratory habits. B) perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits. Do this in the laboratory and see if offspring display parental migratory behavior. C) bring animals into the laboratory and determine the conditions under which they become restless and attempt to migrate. D) perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits. Rear the offspring in the absence of their parents and observe the migratory behavior of offspring. E) All of the options are equally productive ways to approach the question.

D) perform within-population matings with birds from different populations that have different migratory habits. Rear the offspring in the absence of their parents and observe the migratory behavior of offspring.