Chapter 5,6,7,8

The height of a wave depends upon

fetch, wind duration, and wind speed.

Geostrophic circulation is within a gyre driven by:

gravity.

Equatorial currents are driven by the:

trade winds

Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by _______ and modified by ________.

wind; the Coriolis effect and land

A deep-water wave occurs when the water depth is greater or equal to:

½ of wavelength.

the distance over which wind blows without interruption.

swell

Water can pile up higher than the edge of a container due to its low surface tension.

False

Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion.

True

The alkalinity of a solution is an estimate of its acid buffering capacity.

False

The average salinity of sea water is:

3.5%

The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's oceans and landmasses is about:

50%

With respect to incoming solar radiation, radiation emitted back into the atmosphere has:

A longer wavelength

The arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic Ocean from the surface to the bottom is:

Antarctic Intermediate Water, North Atlantic Deep Water, Antarctic Bottom Water.

The deflection of air masses to the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the:

Coriolis effect.

The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is:

HCO3-

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of water is:

Higher than other liquids

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0 c, what happens to the temperature of the mixture when heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts then it begins to rise

As the salinity of seawater increases it's:

Residence time does not change

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the"

Saffir-Simpson Scale.

The phase in which water exists water is determined by:

Temperature and pressure

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

The relative concentration of seawater ions does not change

A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in the depth is the:

Thermocline

Evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid.

True

The latent heat of vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.

True

Which of the following atmospheric constituents has the greatest ability to absorb heat (a per mole basis)?

chlorofluorocarbons

When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a:

cold core ring.

A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a(n)

cold front

Low pressure systems in the northern hemisphere rotate:

counterclockwise

Thermohaline circulation is driven by:

density

Which type of flow works in opposition to Ekman transport in a gyre?

density-driven circulation

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is:

higher in salinity.

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:

higher salinity

As a wave begins to feel bottom near a shoreline, its wave height:

increases and wavelength decreases

The doldrums refer to the same region as the:

intertropical convergence zone

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and:

latitudinal variations in the Coriolis effect.

Deep ocean water generally has high amounts of:

nutrients and oxygen

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

polarity of water molecules.

Hurricanes are an efficient way to:

redistribute heat from one area to another

Burning of fossil fuels is chemically similar to:

respiration

Which of the following from earliest to latest represents the typical wave formation?

sea,swell,surf

A tsunami is considered to be a:

shallow water wave.

Constructive interference results in larger waves while destructive interference produces:

smaller waves.

A wave will break when:

steepness = 1:7.

The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is a(n):

sverdrup

Westward intensification causes:

the center of the gyre to be shift to the west. equatorial countercurrents. a steeper slope of surface water in the western section of the gyre as compare to the eastern section of the gyre. very swift western boundary currents.

The fetch refers to:

the distance over which wind blows without interruption.

The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as:

the relationship between sea surface temperature and high altitude pressure.

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds are deflected:

to the right of the original direction

In the northern hemisphere, the direction of Ekman transport is:

to the right of the wind direction.

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through:

upwelling

The speed of a shallow-water wave is proportional to:

water depth.

The atmospheric component that contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming on Earth is:

water vapor

Standing waves may be caused by:

wave reflection.

Waves converge on headlands due to:

wave refraction.

The ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the:

wave steepness.

Wave speed is equal to

wavelength divided by period.

The circular motion of water molecules extends to a depth that is equal to:

wavelength/2.

A maritime tropical air mass is likely to be:

wet and warm

The Ekman spiral is driven by:

wind