Chapter 6

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely require high-flow (90% or higher) oxygen?

carbon monoxide poisoning

If you are unable to open an injured patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver, you should:

carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

After manually opening an unconscious patient's airway, you should:

check the mouth for secretions, foreign bodies, or dentures.

When determining the correct size oral airway, you should measure from the:

earlobe to the corner of the mouth.

Which of the following statements regarding infants and children is FALSE?

Cardiac arrest in infants and children is often the result of heart disease.

The oropharynx is also known as the:

mouth.

When administering supplemental oxygen to a patient, it is important to remember that:

oxygen actively supports combustion.

The lungs are protected by the _________ at the front and by the _________ at the sides and back.

sternum, rib cage

A nonrebreathing mask works by:

storing oxygen in the reservoir bag, which the patient inhales during each breath.

You are assessing a conscious 5-year-old child who experienced a sudden inability to speak or cough while playing with a small toy. The child appears sleepy and has pale skin. You should:

suspect a severe airway obstruction.

Patients who have experienced carbon monoxide poisoning may have false pulse oximetry readings because:

their red blood cells are not saturated with oxygen.

For purposes of rescue breathing, a child is a person between:

1 and 12 to 14 years of age.

What are the appropriate ventilation duration and rate for an adult patient who is not breathing but who has a pulse?

1 second, 10 to 12 breaths/min

A child's airway should be suctioned for no longer than _____ seconds at a time.

10

A normal adult's resting respiratory rate typically ranges between:

12 and 20 breaths/min.

The appropriate ventilation rate for a nonbreathing 10-year-old child is:

12 to 20 breaths/min.

Which of the following techniques will MOST likely enable you to deliver adequate volume when ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device

Place the middle, ring, and little fingers of one hand under the angle of the jaw and lift up on the jaw.

What should you do if the chest of a stoma patient does not rise during your attempt to ventilate?

Seal the mouth and nose and reattempt to ventilate.

Which of the following statements regarding the nasal airway is correct?

The nasal airway does not allow suctioning of the nose.

If an oxygen cylinder contains less than _____ psi, it should be replaced with a full cylinder.

500

While delivering your first rescue breath to an unconscious nonbreathing child, you see the chest visibly rise. You should next:

allow the lungs to deflate before delivering the next breath.

You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a sick infant. As you enter the residence, a frantic woman hands you her pale, limp 6-month-old son. You tap the infant's foot and determine that he is unresponsive. You should next:

assess for signs of adequate breathing and then check the brachial pulse.

Pulse oximetry is used to:

assess the amount of oxygen saturated in red blood cells.

Airway obstruction removal attempts in a conscious infant consist of:

back slaps and chest thrusts.

The MOST sensitive cells in the human body are in the:

brain.

You are providing mouth-to-mask rescue breathing on a 17-year-old boy when you note that his abdomen appears to be distending. You should:

breathe slowly into the patient's mouth until the chest rises visibly.

Rescue breathing in the adult is adequate if:

breaths are delivered over 1 second and the chest rises.

When using a nonrebreathing mask, you should adjust the liter flow to:

keep the bag partially inflated when the patient inhales.

When opening the airway of a patient who has a stoma, you should:

keep the patient's neck straight.

"Adam's apple" and "voicebox" are other terms used to describe the:

larynx.

The main purpose of the oral airway is to:

maintain the airway after it has been opened manually.

Common causes of respiratory arrest include all of the following, EXCEPT:

mild dehydration.

Air normally enters the body through the:

nasopharynx and oropharynx.

The purpose of the jaw-thrust maneuver is to:

open a patient's airway without manipulating the neck.

A 40-year-old woman struck a tree with her car at a high rate of speed. You arrive at the scene, ensure that it is safe, and gain access to the patient. The woman is lying motionless across the front seat of her vehicle. You should:

open her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

Suctioning of an adult patient's mouth is limited to 15 seconds at a time because:

oxygen is being removed from the patient as well as secretions.

A person could survive for several days to weeks without all of the following, EXCEPT:

oxygen. Nasal airways can be used:^in both conscious and unconscious patients.

A snoring sound heard when an unconscious patient is breathing is MOST often the result of:

partial blockage of the airway by the tongue.

The proper oxygen flow rate is determined by the:

patient's condition and type of oxygen delivery device used.

The pulse oximeter may not provide an accurate reading if the:

patient's fingers or earlobes are cold.

Chest thrusts should be performed on:

patients who are in the later stages of pregnancy.

If you are by yourself and a child with an airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, you should:

perform five cycles of CPR and then activate EMS.

During your assessment of a semiconscious uninjured 19-year-old man, you note that his airway is open and his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth.You should:

place the patient in the recovery position and closely monitor his breathing rate and depth.

The purpose of the recovery position is to:

prevent secretions from entering the trachea.

The main purpose of the respiratory system is to:

provide oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.

Initial attempts to clear a patient's airway of foreign material should be performed by:

sweeping the mouth with your finger.

You have just pulled your neighbor's 3-year-old daughter from a swimming pool. The child's father does not know how long she was submerged in the water. Your assessment reveals that the child is unresponsive, is not breathing, and has a weak pulse. You should:

tell the father to activate the EMS system as you initiate rescue breathing.

Which of the following is an appropriate ventilation rate for an infant or child?

15 breaths/min

A self-inflating bag-mask device will deliver _____ oxygen without supplemental oxygen attached.

21%

The appropriate rescue breathing rate for a 6-month-old infant is one breath every:

3 to 5 seconds.

In which of the following situations should you perform the jaw-thrust maneuver?

40-year-old unresponsive patient who fell from a ladder

When assessing for an unconscious patient's breathing, you should take at least ____ seconds but no more than ____ seconds.

5, 10

In a healthy patient, the oxygen saturation should be at least _____ when breathing room air.

95%

While ventilating a nonbreathing patient with a bag-mask device, you do not see the chest rise. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this?

Air is leaking around the mask.

Which of the following statements regarding the brain's oxygen needs is correct?

Brain cells cannot be replaced once they have been destroyed.

Which of the following statements regarding dental appliances is correct?

Do not remove dental appliances that are firmly attached in the patient's mouth.

Which of the following occurs during alveolar ventilation?

Incoming oxygen passes from the alveoli into the blood, and outgoing carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli.

Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate order for managing the airway of an unconscious, uninjured patient with adequate breathing?

Perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, check the airway for secretions, insert an oral airway, and place the patient in the recovery position.

Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?

Pulse oximetry should not replace a thorough patient assessment.

Your assessment of a 9-year-old girl reveals that she is unresponsive. What should you do?

Quickly visualize her chest for obvious movement and then assess for a carotid pulse.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

Stroke patients may be unable to get sufficient oxygen from room air.

Which of the following statements regarding the nasal cannula is correct?

The flow rate should not exceed 6 L/min.

Once the pressure in an oxygen cylinder has been regulated to about 50 pounds per square inch (psi):

a flowmeter is then used to deliver the appropriate oxygen rate.

Which of the following statements regarding the oral airway is correct?

Use of an oral airway is contraindicated in patients who are conscious.

The appropriate landmark for performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction is:

above the navel and below the xiphoid process.

You are working in your yard when you see your neighbor, a middle-aged woman, collapse in her front yard. You should:

activate EMS after assessing the patient's level of responsiveness.

The highest concentration of oxygen can be delivered to a patient with a bag-mask device if:

an oxygen reservoir is attached.

Adequate ventilation of an adult patient with a bag-mask device is BEST accomplished:

as a two-person operation, if additional rescuers are available.

The FIRST step in caring for a conscious person who may have an obstructed airway is to:

ask the patient if he or she is choking.

A young woman's 11-month-old infant presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. The infant has an audible cry and normal skin color. Care for this infant includes:

asking the mother what happened just before the episode began.

The alveoli in the lungs are surrounded by very small blood vessels called:

capillaries.

When performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction, you should:

continue the thrusts until the patient becomes unresponsive.

Air is drawn into the lungs through the trachea when the:

diaphragm contracts and the rib cage expands.

The dome-shaped muscle between the chest and abdomen is called the:

diaphragm.

A distinct disadvantage of the one-rescuer bag-mask technique is:

difficulty in maintaining an adequate mask-to-face seal.

At a minimum, the emergency medical responder's (EMR's) life support kit should contain a ventilation device that:

enables you to deliver rescue breaths without mouth-to-mouth contact.

While eating in a restaurant, you see a man sitting at a nearby table suddenly stand up and begin coughing forcefully. His wife franticly screams, "He's choking!" and begs for someone to help. You should:

encourage the man to keep coughing and ask an employee to call 9-1-1.

After adjusting the oxygen flow rate on the nonrebreathing mask to the desired setting, you should next:

ensure that the reservoir bag is completely full.

When a person swallows food or liquid, it does not enter the trachea because the:

epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing.

Generally speaking, the MOST common foreign object that causes an airway obstruction is:

food or candy.

A patient with ___________ may appear to be in respiratory arrest, even though he or she is breathing.

hypothermia

If an adult with an airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, you should lay him or her on the ground and:

immediately begin chest compressions.

The MOST immediate threat associated with gastric distention is:

increased risk of vomiting.

When ventilating an unconscious nonbreathing adult with a bag-mask device, you should:

insert an oral or nasal airway.

When inserting a nasal airway, you should:

insert the airway into the larger nostril first.

While managing the airway of a semiconscious 50-year-old woman, you attempt to insert a nasal airway but meet resistance. You should:

remove the airway and try to insert it in the other nostril.

You are having difficulty providing rescue breaths to a nonbreathing elderly woman. You look in her mouth and note that she has loosely fitting dentures. You should:

remove the dentures and continue providing rescue breaths.

A 70-year-old woman was found unconscious in her bed. She has a pulse, but is gurgling when she breathes. You should:

roll the patient onto her side, carefully sweep out her mouth with your finger, and reassess her breathing.

When inserting an oral airway in an adult, you should:

rotate the airway 180° until the flange rests on the patient's teeth.

A person who has had an obstruction from his or her airway removed by the Heimlich maneuver:

should be transported to the hospital for evaluation.

A car screeches up to your station shortly before you hear a frantic knock at the door. When you answer the door, a young woman tells you that her father is choking. The patient, a 60-year-old man, is clutching his throat. You ask him if he is choking, but he does not respond to your question. You should:

stand behind the man and deliver abdominal thrusts.

A mild airway obstruction is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:

unconsciousness.

You should NOT insert a nasal airway in a patient:

with a possible head injury.

If a patient speaks to you when you ask if he or she can hear you:

you may assume that the airway is patent.