Chapter 6

Daryl works for you, and you recently asked Daryl to mix various solutes with solvents to create solutions as products for clients and customers. Several hours into his work, Daryl comes to you and asks what he should do if certain mixtures will not "mix." Specifically, he says, "In many of the mixtures I am creating, I am combining two or more immiscible substances. What should I do?" What advice should you give to Daryl?

"Incorporate an emulsifier into your mixture in order to create a stable blend."

Darren has just opened his high-end business. When his first customer enters his establishment and asks if Darren's retail products are chemical free, what should his response be?

"No," because there is no such thing as a chemical-free product.

Gina is considered a bit of a "know-it-all" at work. For example, she is always telling Grace, her coworker, "My goodness, Grace, you'd better be using the first surfactant regularly." Which of the following is Gina most likely trying to say to Grace, in her own strange way?

"wash your hands"

How many elements are known to science today?

118

An SDS is formatted into ______ categories.

16

How many accepted pictograms are included in all SDS?

9

Of all the elements known to science today, how many occur naturally on Earth?

98

Marcus and Amanda are arguing over whether air is a pure substance. Marcus insists that it is, whereas Amanda is certain that it is not. Who is correct, and why?

Amanda is correct because air contains many substances, so it cannot be pure.

Why should beauty professions study and have a thorough understanding of chemistry>

Because every product used in beauty and wellness contains some type of chemical

Why is understanding pH important for the beauty and wellness professional?

Because it affects the hair, skin, and nails

Thomas, owner of a local beauty business, insists that there is an SDS available for every chemical used. Why is Thomas so strict about this?

Because it is a requirement of OSHA

Why is Maggie MOST LIKELY confident she'll be made aware of any hazards associated with the products she works with and sells in her businesses?

Because the products are registered with the EPA

Genevieve is fresh out of beauty school and anxious to open her own business. In gathering research and pricing out products for her shop, she is contacted by a salesperson of massage oils. He tells her his products are all chemical free, and she should pay the extra cost to offer them to her clients. Which of the following would be the BEST reason for Genevieve to decide against buying this salesperson's massage oils?

Because there is no such thing as a chemical-free product, this salesperson should not be trusted.

In the uniform order of the SDS, which of the following comes immediately after the first category of "Identification"?

Hazard Identification

The effects of cosmetics and beauty products are based on which of the following?

How the body reacts to chemicals

Why should ammonia never be mixed with bleach?

It creates a potentially deadly gas

Which of the following is TRUE today of the disposal of many of the chemicals used in salons, spas, and barbershops?

Most states and counties do not have regulations in place.

Guidelines for properly storing chemicals include all EXCEPT which of the following?

Never dispose of chemicals in their original containers

Which of the following is TRUE of products that are incompatible?

No two should be stored next to each other

Which of the following is TRUE when salt is dissolved into water?

Salt is the solute and water is the solvent

Celia, Jamison's client, has asked that he not use any known mutagens in her treatments. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY reason she made this request?

She has a weakened immune system and is susceptible to cancers.

Shawna is your new client where you work. She has told you that she left the business she previously went to for three years because they were not attentive enough to the needs of her very sensitive skin. Shawna, it seems, has very dry, dehydrated, and irritable skin. Which of the following do you advise Shawna on during her initial consultation visit?

She should use products that are slightly alkaline.

Linda's manager told her to use caution when unloading the supply truck on Tuesday mornings. "Make sure to pay attention to certain products and chemicals that are incompatible," he said. What should Linda make sure she does with these types of products?

Store them away from each other

Which of the following is TRUE of all liquids?

They are either miscible or immiscible

Javier is attempting to create a soothing oil to use on his clients during services. The problem Javier is running into, however, is that when the mixture is left to sit for more than five minutes, its components separate. Which of the following is most likely TRUE of the components of Javier's mixture?

They are immiscible

Chloe is making a scented mist to use on her clients following their services. Which of the following is TRUE of the drops of lavender extract she is mixing into the water?

They are solutes

Which of the following is TRUE of solutions?

They are stable mixtures

Which of the following is TRUE of creams, lotions masks and makeup?

They contain chemicals whether they come from natural sources or from ingredients manufactured in a laboratory

You are an instructor of beauty and wellness courses at a local vocational school. Teresa, one of your students, asks you why it is so important that beauty professionals have a thorough understanding of chemistry. What do you tell her?

Without an understanding of basic chemistry, she will not be able to use professional products effectively and safely.

Harriet's client Rafael has requested that Harriet use a solution that is neutral to his skin. Which of the following should Harriet be using on Rafael's skin?

a pH of 5

Jonathan, a licensed professional with his own business, is driving to the store to buy two dozen large bags of ice. Much of the rehabilitative work he and his employees do for clients relies on ice, and because someone left the freezer door open all night, their entire stockpile of ice is now water. Which of the following happened to the ice when it melted?

a physical change

Acid-alkali neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (H2O) and ______.

a salt

Which of the following BEST describes a carcinogen?

a substance that causes cancer

What is a solvent?

a substance that dissolves a solute and makes a solution

What is a solute?

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

The pH scale is used to measure ____________.

acidity and alkalinity

What does a reducing agent do?

adds hydrogen to a chemical compound

Which of the following is the simplest form of chemical matter?

an element

Jennifer is using a new soothing oil on her clients during services. The problem Jennifer is running into, however, is that when the mixture is left to sit for more than five minutes, its components separate. Which of the following could Jennifer add to her mixture to solve this problem?

an emulsifer

If you were to leave the freezer open all night, all of the ice will melt. This is a result of ______.

an endothermic reaction

____________are the basic units of matter.

atoms

A ______ is capable of igniting and burning.

combustible

Which of the following is an example of a compound molecule?

common table salt

Abner is opening a beauty business. He knows that his course in chemistry will help him to run a better business because ______.

every product he uses in his establishment will contain some type of chemical

Franco is a product chemist, combining chemicals in order to create solutions, suspensions, and emulsions for the purposes of making clients feel, look, and smell better. Most recently, Franco has been working on lotions and creams that, when mixed with activators, warm the bottles in which they are contained. Upon what is Franco relying to create these lotions?

exothermic reaction

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

exposed metal rusting

Everything you can touch and everything you can see is matter EXCEPT_________.

light and electricity

Any substance that occupies space and has weight is ___________.

matter

pH is an abbreviation of ___________.

potential hydrogen

What does an oxidizing agent do?

released oxygen

Which of the following were the first surfactants?

soaps

When immiscible liquids are combined, they form ______________.

suspensions

What did the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) replace?

the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

All acids owe their chemical reactivity to ___________.

the hydrogen ion

Terry experienced no harsh reactions herself to the chemicals she was using on her clients during the first six months of owning and managing her business. Since about that six-month anniversary, however, she has battled continuous skin allergies as well as difficulty breathing. Which of the following BEST explains this?

the overexposure principle

You are the owner of a high-end establishment. Your best beauty pro, Niles, has confessed that the massage oils the employees have been using without incident for many months are now starting to give them terrible rashes and sneezing fits. Which of the following do you use to explain to Niles what has happened?

the overexposure principle

What accompanies the rapid oxidation of a substance during combustion?

the production of heat and light

For which of the following purposes would acids most likely be used?

to exfoliate the skin

The overexposure principle is used to describe how overexposure determines ______________.

toxicity

When mixing chemicals, one should ______.

use a measuring device, such as a measuring cup or spoon

SDS are designed for:

use in an emergency

Daria's boss has instructed her to create a variety of products and mixtures. The one thing her boss insisted upon was that each have a measurable pH. Which of the following must Daria include in all of her mixtures and products?

water

Henry's duties include mixing a variety of chemicals for the products and treatment ointments and mixtures they use on customers. When mixing these chemicals, Henry should avoid all EXCEPT which of the following?

well-ventilated areas