Chapter 6

It pairs one stimulus with another so a relationship is learned

classical conditioning

a response previously associated with a non-neutral stimulus that comes to be elicited by a neutral stimulus

conditioned response

previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response as a result of its association with an unconditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus

When your alarm clock goes off in the morning, it makes a loud aversive noise until you get out of bed and turn it off, making it more likely that you will get up at the sound of an alarm in the future. This is an example of:

negative reinforcement

does not elicit any particular response

neutral stimulus

strengthening behavior by presenting a desired stimulus after the behavior

positive reinforcement

automatic response elicited by UCS

unconditioned response

elicits an automatic response

unconditioned stimulus

_______ refers to a conditioning procedure in which the unconditioned stimulus is presented before the conditioned stimulus.

Backward conditioning

During the holiday season, department stores tend to play popular holiday music. One of the reasons for this, from a marketing perspective, is that when we hear this music, it evokes happy feelings and memories of past holidays. In this example, the holiday music can be referred to as:

CS- conditioned stimulus

_______ refers to the elimination of a conditioned response following repeated presentations of the CS without the UCS.

Extinction

In many jobs, employees are paid with bi-weekly paychecks. What type of reinforcement schedule is this?

FI- Fixed Interval

Lisa got violently ill eating pistachio ice cream while riding a roller coaster. Now, she feels ill whenever she thinks about any flavor of ice cream. What classical conditioning term describes this situation?

Generalization

Learning can be defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that is:

Not due to illness, Not due to anger, and Not due to drugs.

________ learning occurs when humans and other animals learn from watching how others are reinforced or punished for their actions

Observational

A puppy learns to lift its paw when told to "shake hands" because it is reinforced with treats for this response. Which type of conditioning is taking place in this scenario?

Operant Conditioning

A behavior is reinforced occasionally, but not every time, takes longer to extinguish compared to a behavior that has been reinforced every time it has occurred. This illustrates:

The partial reinforcement effect.

neutral stimulus (NS), unconditioned stimulus (UCS), unconditioned response (UCR), conditioned stimulus (CS), conditioned response (CR)

five components of classical conditioning

process by which respond less strongly over time to repeated stimuli

habituation