CHAPTER 6
Compromise of 1850
(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas
Andrew Jackson
(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process.
Emancipation Proclamation, 1862
(AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
14th Amendment, 1868
1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts
The author identified three ways that African Americans responded to segregation. What were they?
1. Accommodation to a subordinate position in society 2. The formation of black protest movements 3. Migration out of the south to avoid some of the consequences of assertions of white supremacy.
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)
Andrew Johnson
17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.
the New Deal
1933-1937 Government sponsored programs implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to revitalize the economy and alleviate poverty and despair caused by the Depression.
Brown v. Board of Education of Kansas 1954
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, KS 1954
1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Civil Rights Act of 1875
1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal
13th Amendment, 1864
Abolished Slavery
Booker T Washington
Advocated for the accommodation to segregation. Was popular among both blacks and whites. Advisor to two presidents (Teddy Roosevelt & William Taft) and respected by white philanthropists and government officials. Hope for progression of blacks had a foundation in the belief that blacks could help themselves through education.
President Barack H. Obama (Modern Liberalism)
Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). Sought to preserve political and economic system through reform and government intervention and assistance.
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820)
President Lyndon B. Johnson (Modern Liberalism)
Built on the New Deal with his 1965 Great Society Initiatives. The government should provide a safety net for the neediest citizens. The role of government expanded during his presidency with programs like Medicaid, Medicare, Food Stamps and Headstart.
15th Amendment, 1870
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
The author of your book uses the Rwandan genocide as an example of why it is important for historians to analyze the background of events rather than merely contemporary conditions that cause a situation. What were some of the background conditions that contributed to the Rwandan genocide?
Colonial policies favoring Tutsi population, policies including requiring carrying ethnic identification cards, efforts by the Hutu to eliminate their political opposition all caused Rwandan genocide
Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857
Court ruled that blacks are not citizens. Protected southern property rights (ie. slaves) in territories. Chief Justice Taney ruled Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Banned slavery in territories. Added to sectionalism between North and South,led to the Civil War.
Explain the effects of the White Supremacist movement on the lives and empowerment of African Americans following the Civil War.
Disenfranchised black voters through literacy tests, grandfather tests, and high poll taxes. White supremacists themselves used intimidation tactics to prevent blacks from voting. Without blacks being able to vote, things like Jim Crow laws and other social policies were allowed to happen
Compromise of 1877
Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river
President Franklin D. Roosevelt (Modern Liberalism)
Government responsible to provide economic safety for its citizens especially in rough economic times. Social Security bill embodies idea of modern liberalism by expanding the role of government in peolpe's economic wellbeing
Explain Lincoln's evolving position on slavery that ultimately led to the Emancipation Proclamation of 1862.
He proclaimed to the world that the war was being fought over freeing the slaves to prevent foreign intervention. Many Republicans joined the abolitionist movement to free slaves.
After the Civil War, which group emerged as the clear elite in American society? What philosophy did they use to justify their dominance? Explain.
Industrialists emerged as the American elite, using Social Darwinism to justify their dominance. The accumulation of the new industrial wealth was considered a sign of the survival of the fittest. Provided an excuse for a ruthless ruling elite to emerge and be able to allow the conditions of the masses to decline to the lowest depts in history.
Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896
LA required railroad companies to require separate but equal accommodations for white and colored persons
Why did historian Richard Hofstadter claim that Abraham Lincoln was essentially conservative?
Lincoln gathered all of the issues stemming from the Civil War under one umbrella- keeping the Union together. He wished to preserve all of the original founding principles of America (conservative)
According to the author, modern liberalism in the United States arose in response to what?
Modern Liberalism in the US is a product of elite response to economic depression and rising threats of fascism and communism abroad.
After reading the chapter, what would you say is history's role in the social sciences? Explain.
Our society only has meaning because of history. We cannot have a meaning for our society and its function without history.
Explain the process of the rise of the Western elite, and describe how this new elite was assimilated into America's governing circles. (Be sure to discuss Andrew Jackson, Jacksonian democracy, and voting rights.)
People went west because of the fertile land and they wanted to acquire wealth quickly. Andrew Jackson's presidency gave way to a more open economic system in which the middle class could rise
"Great Society"
President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.
Ghettoization
Profound political and social implications. As early as 1928, black residents of Chicago succeeded in getting a black man elected as a representative. First black congressman from the north. Signaled a turn in American urban politics and demonstrated the power of the black vote in Northern cities. Black ghettos would provide an important element to Democratic Party (starting w/ FDR)
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896
Seperate but equal facilities based upon race is constitutional
Dred Scott vs. Sanford 1857
Slave that traveled to a free territory saying he was free. Supreme Court decided that he was property.
Compare and contrast the interests of the pre-Civil War Southern and Northern elite. What did Western lands have to do with the Civil War?
The Southern Elite (not the masses) were the ones who held the most interest in continuing slavery. The northern Elite, the manufacturers, depended on wage labor. The north and south people wanted to bring different ideologies to the west.
After the Civil War, the U.S. had to reunify. Explain how this played out. Be sure to discuss Andrew Johnson, Black Codes, the "Reconstruction Congress," and the "Compromise of 1877."
The country was devastated. Johnson wanted to rebuild the nation in a way that would only benefit the Confederate states. Union states were upset about it. Black codes came about due to this. Congress refused to seat electors from states going under reconstruction.
Migration
WWI provided an opportunity for blacks to migrate north. In 1916 and 1918 an estimated half a million blacks moved north to fill the labor shortage in industrial cities. While they could vote and attend better schools and did not encounter segregation laws in public places, they did face poverty and segregation
WEB DuBois
Wanted to declare black resistance and protests. These two things later helped to rewrite American public policy.
Oscar de Priest
Was a republican and the only black congressman in 1928
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
a law that repealed the Missouri Compromise, the law allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves if they would allow slavery.
the Great Depression
a time period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment
Social Security Act of 1935
guaranteed benefits for retirrees, the disabled, & the unemployed; money was collected from a worker's pay on a monthly basis which was paid back to them when they turned 65
Lyndon B. Johnson
signed the civil rights act of 1964 into law and the voting rights act of 1965. he had a war on poverty in his agenda. in an attempt to win, he set a few goals, including the great society, the economic opportunity act, and other programs that provided food stamps and welfare to needy famillies. he also created a department of housing and urban development. his most important legislation was probably medicare and medicaid.