chapter 6

Which metabolic waste product increases when amino acids are converted to other metabolic intermediates? Select one: a. Pyruvate b. No answer is correct. c. Carbon dioxide. d. Ammonia e. Bilirubin

ammonia

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. break large polypeptides into smaller peptides. c. rearrange the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. d. are needed to denature proteins. e. are needed to make nonessential amino acids.

b

To estimate protein requirements, you must know a person's: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. all of these would be required. c. body weight. d. urinary ammonia output. e. height.

b

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein? Select one: a. Branched amino acid chain b. Polypeptide c. Monopeptide d. Polysaccharide e. No answer is correct

polypeptide

If the shape of a protein is altered due to a genetic mutation, the _______________ of the protein may be affected. Select one: a. no answer is correct b. nutritional value c. functionality d. taste e. texture

functionality

Protein quality is determined by: Select one: a. how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins. b. the ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in a food. c. the biological activity of the actin and myosin filaments in meat products. d. comparing the non-essential amino acid profile in a food with that in a reference protein. e. no answer is correct.

a

A measure of protein quality determined by comparing the amount of nitrogen retained in the body with the amount absorbed from the diet is called the: Select one: a. protein efficiency ratio. b. chemical score. c. biological value. d. no answer is correct. e. net protein utilization.

biological value

Gene expression and protein synthesis involve: Select one: a. none of these choices. b. messenger RNA. c. all of these choices. d. transcription e. translation.

c

How does protein quality affect needs? Select one: a. All the essential amino acids can be supplied by a single plant protein source. b. No answer is correct. c. More plant protein is needed to supply enough of all the essential amino acids. d. Animal proteins as compared to plant proteins are considered lower quality. e. Plant proteins are easier to digest and absorb.

c

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by: Select one: a. increased susceptibility to food allergies in adults. b. the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins. c. severe protein deficiency in young children.

c

Which of the following statements is true about protein digestion? Select one: a. Hydrochloric acid is used to convert peptides into amino acids. b. Denaturation of protein takes place in the small intestine. c. Most protein digestion takes place in the small intestine. d. No answer is correct. e. Much dietary protein is lost in the feces.

c

How are protein needs determined? Select one: a. No answer is correct. b. Utilize the levels established by the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). c. Measure the changes in body weight over time. d. Compare nitrogen consumed with the amount excreted by the body. e. Estimate the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for age, gender, and activity.

d

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods: Select one: a. may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. b. are typically good sources of fiber. c. no answer is correct. d. all of these statements are correct. e. may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats.

d

Of ____ amino acids commonly found in food proteins, ____ are dispensible. Select one: a. 24 16 b. no answer is correct c. 11 9 d. 20 11 e. 20 9

d

What is a benefit of a vegetarian diet? Select one: a. It is high in calories. b. It is high in iron and zinc. c. No answer is correct. d. It is low in saturated fat. e. It is low in fiber.

d

What is true about the protein in the modern American diet? Select one: a. Extra protein in the diet promotes weight loss. b. Protein deficiency is common in the United States. c. People who choose a vegetarian diet are deficient in protein. d. Approximately two-thirds of the dietary protein comes from meat. e. No answer is correct.

d

Which of the following is a physical characteristic associated with Kwashiorkor? Select one: a. Hypertrophic (enlarged) leg muscles b. No answer is correct. c. Tall stature d. Bloated abdomen e. Excess sweating

d

Which statement about dietary protein sources is FALSE? a. Plant sources of protein are typically rich in fiber and phytochemicals. b. All of these statements are true about dietary protein sources. c. Legumes provide about as much protein per one half cup serving as a cup of milk. d. Most people in the U.S.A. need protein supplements to meet dietary requirements. e. Animal products are the most highly concentrated sources of protein.

d

_________________ are at increased risk of not getting adequate vitamin B12 in their diet. Select one: a. Lacto-ovo vegetarians b. Adolescent males (pre-puberty) c. Trained athletes d. Vegan vegetarians e. Pregnant and lactating women

d

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by: Select one: a. hyperglycemia. b. increased susceptibility to food allergies. c. excessive urinary output. d. no answer is correct. e. wasting and increased susceptibility to infection.

e

The primary source of protein for most of the world's population is: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. dairy. c. meat. d. fruits. e. grains and vegetables.

e

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body are termed: Select one: a. no answer is correct. b. complete. c. hydrolyzable. d. incomplete. e. essential.

essential

where does chemical digestion of a protein begin?

stomach

The process of ___________ involves copying the DNA code from the gene to a molecule of mRNA. Select one: a. nuclear shuttling. b. translation. c. transcription. d. transamination. e. no answer is correct.

transcription