Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live?

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? - the central vacuole - nucleus - cilia - mitochondria - Golgi apparatus

cilia

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? - pseudopodia - actin - motor proteins - tubulin - mitochondria

motor proteins

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________. - a cell wall - a tight junction - plasmodesmata - a gap junction - a microtubule

plasmodesmata

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? - Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall. - Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. - Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. - Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. - Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support.

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Which of the following is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? - the cell's surface-to-volume ratio - the shape of the cell - the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell - All of the choices are correct. - None of the choices is correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? - Both are permeable to water and small solutes. - Both contain large amounts of collagen. - Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. - Both are permeable to water and small solutes, and both contain large amounts of collagen. - Both are permeable to water and small solutes, both contain large amounts of collagen, and both are composed primarily of carbohydrates.

Both are permeable to water and small solutes.

Which of the following statements is true about cell fractionation? - Cell fractionation requires the use of a scanning electron microscope. - Cell fractionation uses strong acids to break apart cells. - Cell fractionation separates cells into their component parts. - Cell fractionation is no longer used in modern cell biology. - None of the listed responses is correct.

Cell fractionation separates cells into their component parts.

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true? - Chloroplasts and mitochondria are components of the endomembrane system. - Chloroplasts, but not mitochondria, are completely independent of the cell of which they are a part. - Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins. - Mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, contain a small amount of DNA. - Chloroplasts and mitochondria have three sets of membranes.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Which of the following is FALSE in respect to eukaryotic chromosomes? - Chromosomes are present even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins. - Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle. - All eukaryotic cells possess one or more chromosomes. - Chromosomes appear only as a cell is about to divide. - None of the listed responses is false.

Chromosomes appear only as a cell is about to divide. (they are always present)

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization. - Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotes. - Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells. - Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot. - Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________. - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - transport vesicles - plasma membrane - rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions? - RNA - ribosomes - Golgi apparatus - lysosomes - None of the listed responses is correct.

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? - Golgi apparatus → mitochondria - plasma membrane → nuclear envelope - nuclear envelope → lysosome - lysosome → plasma membrane - Golgi apparatus → lysosome

Golgi apparatus → lysosome

Which of the following is FALSE? - The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae. - Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. - Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. - Mitochondria possess their own DNA. - Mitochondria have more than one membrane.

Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? - Membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores. - The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER. - Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. - The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores. - None of the listed responses is correct.

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? - The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix. - The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. - The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. - The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. - The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata.

The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. (The membranes of neighboring cells are actually fused at a tight junction, forming a seal that prevents the leakage of extracellular fluid across the layer of epithelial cells)

A particular cell has a nucleus and chloroplasts in addition to the fundamental structures required by all cells. Based on this information, this cell could be __________. - a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell - a bacterium - a cell from the intestinal lining of a cow - a cell from a pine tree - a yeast (fungus) cell

a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell

Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to __________. - be buried deep in the interior of an organism - be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment - have a very high metabolic rate - be nearly spherical in shape - be a prokaryotic cell

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment

Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live? - tissue - molecules - organ - cell - none of the listed responses is correct

cell

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells? - mitochondria - rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane - centrioles

centrioles

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? - in the aqueous interior of a lysosome, functioning as a digestive enzyme - in a mitochondrion, functioning in ATP synthesis - embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell - in the cytoplasm, functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis - in the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted

embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they __________. - have no ribosomes - have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm - have a smaller nucleus -lack a plasma membrane - lack chromosomes

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________. - in bacterial cells - free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes - on the rough ER - free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes and on the rough ER - free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, on the rough ER, and in bacterial cells

in bacterial cells

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________. - in the plasma membrane - in the ribosomes of the mitochondria - on free cytoplasmic ribosomes - in the rough endoplasmic reticulum - in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice? - transmission electron microscope, because of its high magnifying power - scanning electron microscope, because of its ability to visualize the surface of subcellular objects - light microscope, because of its high resolving power - light microscope, because the specimen is alive - transmission electron microscope, because of its high resolving power

light microscope, because the specimen is alive

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? - structural support of cells - breakdown of complex foods - manufacturing - energy processing - information storage

manufacturing

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but NOT prokaryotic cells? - cytosol - DNA - ribosomes - plasma membrane - mitochondria

mitochondria

Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four? - mitochondrial outer membrane - endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane - lysosome membrane

mitochondrial outer membrane (The mitochondria are not part of the endomembrane system and must synthesize their own lipids)

Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria? - nondividing cells in the skin on your finger - muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner - inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use - photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree - bacterial cells that are growing on sugars

muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? - lysosome, vacuole, ribosome - rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole -smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole - ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum - vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? - transport vesicles - mitochondria - the nucleolus - ribosomes - No organelles are found inside of other organelles.

ribosomes

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? - ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm - ribosomes, nucleus, and plasma membrane - mitochondria, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane - mitochondria, ribosomes, and cytoplasm - nucleus, plasma membrane, and ribosomes

ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________. - make large amounts of ATP - store large quantities of ions - secrete large amounts of protein - move rapidly - absorb nutrients in the GI tract

secrete large amounts of protein

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure or structures would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate? - the nucleus - rough endoplasmic reticulum - the Golgi apparatus - rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus - the Golgi apparatus and the nucleus

the nucleus ( Large numbers of nucleotides would be used to make new DNA as the cells grew, and the DNA is housed in the nucleus)

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________. - a ribosome - a microtubule - the plasma membrane - the nucleus - the endomembrane system

the plasma membrane