chapter 6 apes exam study

Africa and Asia

By the year 2050, world population is expected to approach 10 billion. If the current population trends continue, which region of the world will most likely experience the majority of the growth? Australia and New Zealand Eastern and Western Europe North and Central America Africa and Asia Central and South America

India

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case. The following questions refer to the table below, which shows population, area, and energy use of several countries. The country with a population about three times that of the United States is Ethiopia India China Australia Bangladesh

phases I and IV

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the graph below, which shows different phases related to the birth and death rates for a typical human population over time. Zero population growth is associated with phase IV only phases I and IV phase III only phase I only phase II only

I, II, and III

Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following? I. Cultural traditions II. Government policies and economic incentives III. Education level and economic opportunities for females I and II only I, II, and III II and III only I only II only

Women had increased educational opportunities and had children later in life.

In 1950, a country had a total fertility rate of 5.9. In 2010, the total fertility rate of the country was 2.3. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the change in total fertility rate? The country shifted to a more agricultural-based economy and the need for child labor decreased. Women had increased educational opportunities and had children later in life. There were lower infant mortality rates as a result of increased access to healthcare. Families had limited access to family planning and contraceptives.

Younger than eighteen years old

In a human population, the population momentum effect is most likely to occur in cases in which a large percent of people in the population are in which age-group? Between fifty-five and sixty years old Between forty-five and fifty-four years old Younger than eighteen years old Older than sixty-five years old Between thirty and forty-four years old

4.7

The graph illustrates the total fertility rates measured from 1950 to 2020. The total fertility rates are projected from 2020 to 2040. Based on the data in the graph, what was the average number of children born per woman in less-developed regions in 1975? 5.4 4.7 1.9 3.9

1970

The graph illustrates the total fertility rates measured from 1950 to 2020. The total fertility rates are projected from 2020 to 2040. Based on the data in the graph, when did more-developed regions first reach replacement level fertility? 1990 2010 1970 1950

Total fertility rates declined rapidly from 1960 to 2000 because women had children later in life as a result of increased educational opportunities.

The graph illustrates the total fertility rates measured from 1950 to 2020. The total fertility rates are projected from 2020 to 2040. Which of the following best describes the trends seen in the total fertility rates for the world population from 1950 to the projected rates in 2040? Total fertility rates remained fairly steady from 1970 to 1985 as less-developed regions shifted to more agricultural-based economies. Total fertility rates fell below carrying capacity after 1965 because of an increase in global conflicts. Total fertility rates are projected to increase slightly from 2000 to 2040 as a result of technological advances and access to health care. Total fertility rates declined rapidly from 1960 to 2000 because women had children later in life as a result of increased educational opportunities.

The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine

The increase in the size of Earth's human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major contributors to this increase? Increased emigration/immigration and decreased warfare The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine New methods of agriculture and the identification of new food crops New methods of birth control and decrease warfare Increased education for women and the development of new pesticides

Indonesia

The most populous countries in the world are China, India, the United States and Mexico Pakistan Russia Canada Indonesia

World food production will decrease, leading to increased famine.

The supply of Earth's fresh water is fixed and is being depleted at a rapid rate. Which of the following best describes the effects of a limited freshwater supply on human populations? Disease transmission will decrease as access to water decreases, leading to improved public health. Desalinization facilities will be used to process water stored in glaciers and snow packs, leading to new sources of drinking water. World food production will decrease, leading to increased famine. Conservation measures will increase per capita water consumption, leading to an improved global economy.

C

Which age-structure diagram best depicts the ages in a population that is in stage 3 of the demographic transition? A C B D

Family planning and education

Which of the below has been utilized in both India and China to attempt to reduce population growth rates? Family planning and education Importing new technologies into the country Increased emigration Attempting to prevent the transition to an industrial state Limiting immigration

Agrarian → preindustrial → transitional → industrial

Which of the below is the correct order of demographic transition states that a country experiences when industrialising? Agrarian → preindustrial → transitional → industrial Iron age → agrarian → preindustrial → industrial Nomadic → agrarian → transitional → industrial Nomadic → preindustrial → industrial → postindustrial Preindustrial → transitional → industrial → postindustrial

Stage 2

During which stage of the demographic transition shown below does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth? Stage 4 Stage 3 Stage 1 After stage 4 Stage 2

The industrial

As a country goes through the demographic transition, the greatest rate of population growth takes place during which phase? The postindustrial The pretransitional The transitional The industrial The preindustrial

1.6%

If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is 32% 3% 16% 1.6% 0.6%

15 years

If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to 10 years 15 years 35 years 5 years 25 years

subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate

The crude growth rate, r, of a population is calculated by dividing the doubling time by 70 subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate multiplying the existing population size by life expectancy dividing the crude birth rate by 2 adding the crude birth rate to the crude death rate

A

The following age structure diagrams were created for various counties in the United States from 2000 census data. In a given county, the population size is decreasing because there are fewer prereproductive-aged individuals in the population. Which of the age structure diagrams best illustrates the population of this county? D B A C

There is an imbalance between males and females, with a ratio of 1.5 men to every woman in the population.

The following age structure diagrams were created for various counties in the United States from 2000 census data. Which of the following statements best describes the pattern seen in age structure diagram C? There are more women than men between the ages of 35-49 as a result of immigration of women into the county. There is an imbalance between males and females, with a ratio of 1.5 men to every woman in the population. The county has very little difference between the number of individuals in younger age groups and in older age groups, indicating a declining population size. The county most likely has a total fertility rate of less than 2.0.

There is a high total fertility rate.

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure in the diagram shown above? There is a high total fertility rate. There is a low infant mortality rate. A high percentage of the population has access to medical care. There is a low population growth rate.

Country C

Which of the following countries has achieved replacement-level fertility? Country D Country C Country B Country A

Country B

Which of the following countries is most likely represented in the age structure diagram shown above? Country A Country D Country C Country B

Heat waves

Which of the following density-independent factors can affect the size of a human population? Access to clean water Disease Availability of food Heat waves

The country is in stage 2 of the demographic transition, and life expectancy has increased because of improvements in public health, sanitation, and access to food.

A country has a birth rate of 35/1,000 individuals and a death rate of 13/1,000 individuals. The death rate was 37/1,000 individuals in 1950, 28/1,000 individuals in 1970, and 21/1,000 individuals in 1990. Which of the following statements best explains why the country has a declining death rate? The country is in stage 3 of the demographic transition, and more women are entering the workforce and shifting to having children later in life. The country is in stage 4 of the demographic transition, and the population growth rate is declining. The country is in stage 1 of the demographic transition, and infant mortality is high because of poor health services and high levels of poverty. The country is in stage 2 of the demographic transition, and life expectancy has increased because of improvements in public health, sanitation, and access to food.

have doubled between 1950 and 2150

According to the graph above, the global human population will mostly likely have doubled between 1950 and 2150 reach a maximum value is less than 8 billion be declining after 2150 reach a maximum rate of growth in 2150 be growing exponentially in 2100

Improvements in health-care services and medical research

Based on the survivorship curves shown below, which of the following is a possible reason for the change in the shape of the curve from 1900 to 1980? Improvements in health-care services and medical research Increased immigration and decreased emigration Decreased urbanization Increased infant mortality rate

Food production increased at an exponential rate

In 1798 Thomas Malthus hypothesized the collapse of the human population. What factor proved Malthus wrong and led to the continued increases in the human population? Reliance on renewable resources Modern health care doubling the birth rate worldwide Food production increased at an exponential rate Increased genetic resistance of pest species Use of fossil fuels

empower and educate women.

One of the most important factors in helping to stabilize a developing country's population and reducing environmental degradation is to teach people the importance of recycling materials used in their everyday lives. empower and educate women. decrease the rate at which people may emigrate. reduce the infant mortality rate by making available more medicine for both infants and pregnant women. ensure that people have enough food to eat by establishing local plots of land for rent, thereby enabling local communities to grow their own food.

35 years

The country of Sudan has an estimated annual growth rate of 2 percent. At this rate of growth, approximately how many years will it take for the population of Sudan to double? 35 years 140 years 50 years 30 years 80 years

drug addiction among pregnant women

Taiwan, Cuba, and most of Europe have lower infant mortality rates than the U.S., in part because of __________ in the U.S. drug addiction among pregnant women more teenage pregnancies increased education among teenage women increased use of contraception and fewer births high death rate among teenagers

increasing numbers of women entering the workforce in developing nations

The world population growth rate in 2015 is about 1 percent. It is expected to drop to 0.5 percent by 2050, partly because of increased access to birth control in developing nations. Another likely cause for the expected decline is a decrease in the spread of pandemic diseases like Ebola medical advances that will increase the life spans of people in developing nations an increased global food supply as a result of climate change increasing numbers of women entering the workforce in developing nations an increase in the total fertility rate in developed nations

A

Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely to have limited educational opportunities for women? B E A D C

D

Which of the following age structure diagrams represents a population that most likely has a negative growth rate? B A E C D

Doubling in size over equal increments of time

Which of the following best characterizes a population that is growing exponentially with time? Growing at a rate proportional to the square root of time Equal increases in number over equal increments of time Controlled growth over a finite time Reaching a maximum then experiencing a rapid decline Doubling in size over equal increments of time

The carrying capacity will decrease, and the human population size will experience a dieback.

Which of the following best describes the change in the carrying capacity of the human population if growth is limited by conditions set forth by the Malthusian theory? The carrying capacity will increase, and the human population size will grow exponentially. The carrying capacity will remain constant, and the human population size will stabilize. The carrying capacity will decrease, and the human population size will experience a dieback. The carrying capacity will remain constant, and the human population size will experience an overshoot.

Infant mortality rate

Which of the following characteristics in the table best supports the claim that Country A is a more developed country and that Country B is a less developed country? Infant mortality rate Population size Net migration rate Land area

Population increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate decreases

Which of the following describes the changes in a country's demographics as it begins its transition from a preindustrial state to an industrial state? Population increases rapidly, birth rate declines, death rate increases Population increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate decreases Population decreases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate increases Population increases rapidly, birth rate declines, death rate remains high Population decreases rapidly, birth rate declines, death rate decreases

It is greater in countries with high infant-mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates.

Which of the following is a true statement about replacement-level fertility? It equals the natural increase of a population in one year. It is found by subtracting the number of emigrants from the number of immigrants in one year. It equals the annual number of live births per 1,000 people in a population. It is greater in countries with high infant-mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates. It equals the average number of children a woman will give birth to during her child-bearing years.

Infant and child mortality

Which of the following is most likely the primary cause of high death rates in phase I? Loss of breeding-age males due to warfare Large percentage of elderly individuals in the population Infant and childhood mortality Loss of breeding-age females due to disease General starvation due to famine

Reduced birth rates

Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society? Reduced birth rates Increased stabilization of microclimate in urban areas Reduced need for sewage-treatment facilities Increased rates of population growth Increased air quality in urban areas

High life expectancy and low infant mortality

Which of the following pairs of statistics would most likely indicate the highest quality of life in a country? High emigration rate and low total fertility rate High level of exports and low social status of women High rate of teenage pregnancy and low gross domestic product High crude birth rate and low literacy rate High life expectancy and low infant mortality

Individuals have better sanitation and access to clean drinking water.

Which of the following statements best describes why birth and death rates are changing in a country that is in Phase 2 of the demographic transition? The population has a high infant mortality rate because of the lack of health care. Individuals have increased availability of birth control and have smaller family sizes. Individuals have better sanitation and access to clean drinking water. The population size stops increasing and may decline if birth rates are lower than death rates.

India has a higher population growth rate than China and Australia have.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the population doubling times indicated on the map? India has a higher population growth rate than China and Australia have. The countries with the longest doubling times are less developed than the other countries. Australia and China both have a greater population than the other countries have. The most arable land for growing crops is in Australia and China. The countries with the shortest doubling times have higher population densities than the other countries have.

Some children die before reaching reproductive years.

Why is replacement-level fertility slightly higher than two children per couple? Some people do not marry. Death rates are high in developing countries. Some children die before reaching reproductive years. Use of contraceptives is increasing in developed countries. Death rates exceed birth rates in stable countries.