Chapter 6

Which of the following best describes a data dictionary?

A data dictionary is an automated or manual file for storing and organizing information about the data maintained in a database.

Which of the following best describes a data manipulation language?

A data manipulation language is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database.

​Microsoft's DBMS that includes​ built-in report generation and reporting is called​ ________.

Access

__________ is a method for documenting databases illustrating the relationship between various entities in the database.

An entity relationship diagram

A person's name or age is called a ________.

Field

For handling unstructured and​ semi-structured data in vast​ quantities, as well as structured​ data, organizations are using​ _____________.

Hadoop

__________ breaks a big data problem down into sub-problems, distributes them among up to thousands of inexpensive computer processing nodes, and then combines the result into a smaller data set that is easier to analyze.

Hadoop

​________ is the most popular NoSQL DBMS.

Hadoop

What makes a Blockchain system possible and attractive to business​ firms?

Its encryption and authentication processes make it highly secure for storing many kinds of data.

The SQL​ ________ statement allows you to combine two different tables.

JOIN

An emerging​ non-relational database management system is called​ ________.

NoSQL

Which of the following is the process of creating small, stable, yet flexible data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database?

Normalization

__________ refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files such that changes in programs require changes to the data.

Program-data dependence

SQL stands for​ ________.

Structured Query Language

Which of the following is not a step a firm might take to make sure it has a high level of data quality?

Using in-memory computing; Using data mining

Another name for a database field is​ a(n) ________.

attribute

To describe datasets with volumes so huge that they are beyond the ability of typical DBMS to​ capture, store, and​ analyze, the term​ __________ is used.

big data

A​ ________ is the smallest component in the computer system data hierarchy.

bit

Which of the following is a distributed database technology that enables firms and organizations to create and verify transactions on a​ peer-to-peer network nearly instantaneously without a central​ authority?

blockchain

A​ ________ is a component in the computer system data hierarchy that represents an ASCII character like a​ letter, a​ number, or another symbol.

byte

​A(n) ________ is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently.

database

A ________ is software that enables an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs.

database management system (DBMS)

A​ ________ is software that enables an organization to centralize​ data, manage them​ efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs.

database management system​ (DBMS)

DBMS have a​ data________ capability that is used to specify the structure of the content of the database.

definition

Organizations perform data quality audits to __________.

determine the accuracy and level of completeness of data

Data redundancy occurs when ________.

different groups in an organization independently collect the same piece of data and store it independently of each other

Data mining techniques can be used to ________.

find patterns in data to help managers create forecasts

A​ ________ provides the link from one table to another​ table's primary key.

foreign key

The term data​ ________ is used to describe the policies and processes for managing the​ availability, usability,​ integrity, and security of the data employed in an enterprise.

governance

Text mining tools _________.

help businesses analyze data by extracting key elements from unstructured big data sets, discover patterns and relationships, and summarize the information

The organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information are specified by __________.

information policies

​A(n) ________ is an important resource for an organization to​ create, illustrating rules on how data is organized and who has access to what data.

information policy

The formal process to remove data problems such as repeating groups is called​ ________.

normalization

Although​ "Big Data"​ doesn't refer to a specific amount of​ data, it usually does involve​ ________.

petabytes

Another term for a key field is a​ ________.

primary key

The field that uniquely identifies a row in a relational database table is called a​ ________.

primary key

Another term for a database row is​ a(n) ________.

record

Microsoft SQL Server is a​ ________ for large mainframes and midrange computers.

relational DBMS

What is data administration?

Data administration is responsible for information policy, as well as for data planning, data dictionary development, and monitoring data usage in the firm.

Which of the following consists of activities for detecting and correcting data in a database that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant?

Data cleansing

__________ is a DBMS capability that specifies the structure and content of the database.

Data definition

The​ sales, manufacturing, and inventory systems at a bicycle manufacturer use different codes to represent bicycle frame sizes. For​ example, in the sales​ system, a large bike frame is coded with​ "L", while the inventory system codes a large bike frame with​ "LG". This situation illustrates​ ________.

data inconsistency

Data​ cleansing, also known as​ _________, consists of activities for detecting and correcting data in a database that are​ incorrect, incomplete, improperly​ formatted, or redundant.

data scrubbing

Data​ cleansing, working to identify and fix incorrect​ data, is also called​ ________.

data scrubbing

A ________ is a database that stores current and historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout the company.

data warehouse

​A(n) ________ database makes it possible to store information across millions of machines in hundreds of data centers around the​ globe, with special​ time-keeping tools to synchronize the data and ensure the data are always consistent.

distributed

A​ ________ is a component in the computer system data hierarchy that includes content such as Student ID​ 100, Course IS​ 101, and Grade A.

field

A​ ________ is a component in the computer system data hierarchy that consists of multiple records of the same type.

file

In the most popular type of DBMS, data is represented as two-dimensional tables called ________.

relations

An information policy __________.

specifies the organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information

Tools that help businesses analyze data by extracting key elements from unstructured big data sets, discover patterns and relationships, and summarize the information are called __________ tools.

text mining

The most popular type of database today for PCs as well as for larger computers and mainframes is​ ___________ database.

the relational

​A(n) ________ is the most popular method to model a database.

​entity-relationship (ER) model

A record describes​ a(n) ________ which is a​ person, place,​ thing, or event on which we store and maintain information. Each characteristic or quality describing a particular​ ________ is called​ a(n) ________.

​entity; entity; attribute