Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissue
cartilage forming intervertebral discs
Fibrocartilage
cartilage forming knee menisci
Fibrocartilage
(short/long/flat/irregular) frontal
Flat (forehead)
diaphysis
shaft of bone. location of compact bone in an adults bone.
(projection/depression/opening) facet
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(projection/depression/opening) fissure
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(projection/depression/opening) foramen
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(projection/depression/opening) fossa
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(projection/depression/opening) head
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(projection/depression/opening) meatus
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(projection/depression/opening) ramus
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(projection/depression/opening) sinus
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(projection/depression/opening) spine
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(projection/depression/opening) tuberosity
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5 important functions of bones
1. support frame 2. protection of organs 3. leverage for movement 4. mineral and fat storage 5. blood cell manufacture (hematopoiesis)
cartilage forming the epiglottis
Elastic Cartilage
cartilage the skeleton of the external ear
Elastic Cartilage
cartilage at the ends of long bones
Hyaline Cartilage
cartilage at the junction of a rib and the sternum
Hyaline Cartilage
cartilage forming most of the fetal skeleton
Hyaline Cartilage
cartilage supporting the trachea walls
Hyaline Cartilage
(short/long/flat/irregular) Calcaneus
Short (heel of the foot)
nonliving, structural part of bone
bone matrix
tiny canals connecting lacunae
canaliculi
longitudinal canal
central (haversian) canal
layers of calcified matrix
concentric lamellae
name the membrane that lines internal bone cavities
endosteum
true or false: neither bone nor cartilage contains capillaries
false
true or false: nutrients diffuse quickly through cartilage matrix, but poorly through solid bone matrix
false
(short/long/flat/irregular) sternum
flat (center of chest, ribs attach here)
(short/long/flat/irregular) mandible
flat (jaw)
articular cartilege
found at the end of bones where the joints are
epiphysial plate
growth plate made of hyaline cartilage until the end of adolesence. region of longitudinal growth in a child
(short/long/flat/irregular) vertebra
irregular (back or spine bones)
"residences" of osteocytes
lacunae
endosteum
lines the inside of compact bone, outside of medullary cavity. contains both osteoblasts and osteoclasts
epiphysis
location of spongy bone in an adults bone. site of hematopoiesis (making of red blood) in an adult bone.
(short/long/flat/irregular) metacarpal
long (hand but not fingers)
(short/long/flat/irregular) femur
long (thigh)
(short/long/flat/irregular) radius
long (thumb side lower arm)
(short/long/flat/irregular) humerus
long (upper arm)
area where yellow marrow is found
medullary cavity, center of bone. site of fat storage.
in the adult skeleton, can cartilage regenerate faster than bone after being damaged?
no
is cartilage especially strong in resisting shear (bending and twisting) forces?
no
periosteum
outer layer of the compact bone. inner layer of periosteum contains primarily osteoblasts and osteogenic cells.
(projection/depression/opening) crest
projection (e.g. iliac crest)
(projection/depression/opening) condyle
projection (round prominence at the end of a bone, mostly found at a joint)
what single structural characteristic accounts for the resilience of cartilage and its ability to grow rapidly in the developing skeleton?
proteoglycans hyaluronic acid or collagen fibers
which layer is called the diploe?
spongy bone
area where red marrow is found
spongy bone area, at the ends of bones. site of hematopoeisis (red blood making)
compact bone
surrounding medullary cavity, outer layer of bone, under the periosteum
spongy bone
the spongy looking part, in the epiphysis, where red marrow is found
true or false: bone tissue contains relatively little water compared with cartilage tissue which contains a large amount of water
true
can cartilage grow faster than bone in the growing skeleton?
yes
is cartilage more resilient than bone?
yes