Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration

How many ATP molecules are produced by the citric acid cycle for every glucose molecules metabolized?

2 ATP

What occurs in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

2 ATP are used to break apart the 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon molecules.

The reactants and products of glycolysis

2 ATP, 2 ADP, 4 ADP, 1 ATP, 6 Carbons, 3 Carbons. 2 NAD+, 2 NADH

How many molecules of NADH are produced by pyruvate oxidation for every glucose molecule metabolized?

2 molecules of NADH

What is the overall net ATP production from glycolysis?

4 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose, net 2 ATP per glucose

How many NADH and FADH2 molecules are produced by the citric acid cycle for every glucose molecule metabolized?

6 NADH ; 2 FADH2

Where in the mitochondrion does reaction #4 occur?

the inner mitochondrial membrane

Label Stages, inputs and outputs of the cellular respiration

1. Glycolysis 2. Pyruvate Oxidation 3. Citric Acid Cycle 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation 5. ATP 6. CO2 7. ATP 8. O2 9. H2O 10. ATP

Fill in the reactants and products of pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle

1. pyruvate 2. NAD+ 3. NADH 4. CO2 5. Coenzyme A 6. CoA 7. Acetyl CoA 8. CoA 9. NADH 10. CO2 11. NAD+ 12. ATP 13. FADH2 15. NADH

Oxidative Phosphorylation process

A. NADH B. NAD+ C. Hydrogen/Proton D. Oxygen E. H2O F. ADP G. ATP H. ATP synthase I. Hydrogen/Proton 1. Inter-membrane Space 2. Inner-Mitochondrial membrane 3. Mitochondrial matrix 4. Electron transport chain 5. ATP Synthase

Formula for Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> -> -> 6CO2 +6H2O + Energy

Where in the cell does reaction #1 occur?

Cytoplasm

In the formula for Cellular Respiration, which molecule is oxidized (loses electrons)? What does it become?

Glucose is the oxidized molecule. It gains electrons and protons to become (CO2).

Where in the cell is pyruvate oxidized? What is it converted into and how many carbons does the new molecule have?

Mitochondria ; Acetyl-CoA ; 2

What happens to the electrons that are lost from pyruvate, when it is oxidized?

NAD+ is reduced to NADH and takes the electrons to the electron transport chain

In the formula for Cellular Respiration, which molecule is reduced (gain electrons)? What does it become?

O2 is the reduced molecule. It gains electrons and protons to become H2O.

Which molecule catches the spent electrons? why is this particular molecule the best for the job? what else does it interact with and what is formed?

Oxygen because it's highly electronegative ; it accepts the electron and interacts with 2 protons to become water.

At the end of the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH2 are charged with electrons. Where do they take those electrons?

The electrons are taken to the electron transport chain in the mitochondrial inner membrane

Where in the mitochondrion does reaction #3 occur?

The matrix of the mitochondrion

What happens to the electrochemical gradient of protons? Where do the protons want to move?

The proton gradient builds up on the outside of the membrane against the electron-chemical gradient ; the protons are not attached to each other therefore they want to spread out across the membrane.

What happens to the proton (H+) around the electron transport chain in the oxidative phosphorylation process? Where else does it interact with and what is formed?

The protons are pumped out into the inter-membrane space, because the ETC proteins are excited to do work when the electron are passed to them.

How is the proton gradient established by the ETC used to do work? What work is done (what is made and how?)

The protons can only flow back across the membrane through ATP synthase making it turn like a turbine and giving it electromotive force to produce ATP from ADP and P1.