Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
cation
+
anion
-
What is the empirical formula of C4H8O4
CH2O
Name the diatomic molecular elements
Fluorine, Chlorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bonding
nonpolar
London dispersion
what is electronegativity
a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
A covalent bond consists of
a shared electron pair
bp
amount of energy needed to separate a bond
As atoms bond with each other, they ___ their potential energy, thus creating ___ arrangements of matter
decrease, more stable
polar
dipole dipole
The basis of an ionic bond is the
electrical attraction between charged ions
What is the difference between empirical and molecular formula
empirical is lowest ratio of elements in a compound; molecular is the compound in its original form, number of atoms in a compound
the notation for NaCl stands for one
formula unit
Atoms with a strong attraction for electrons they share with another atom exhibit
high electronegativity
The greater the electronegativity difference between 2 atoms bonded together, the greater the bond's percentage of
ionic character
Once an atom has full s and p orbitals in its outermost energy level,
it has a stable octet and is not reactive
The lattice energy of compound A is greater in magnitude than that of compound B what can be concluded
it will be more difficult to break the bonds in compound A than those in compound B
what type of energy best represents the strength of an ionic bond
lattice energy
sp
linear
The elements of the periodic table, with few exceptions, want to
look like a noble gas
Compared with the neutral atoms involved in the formation of an ionic compound, the crystal lattice that results is
lower in potential energy
ionic compounds
m and nm, zero, not conductive in solid state, high mp, very hard, not malleable, not ductile
Metals
metal, positive, conductive in solid state, high mp, hard most of the time, malleable, ductile
A chemical compound formed by the attraction between positive nuclei and surrounding mobile electrons is a
metallic bond
2 factors that predict polarity
molecular geometry and how it is distributed; geometry and symmetry
covalent bond is to ___ as molecular bond it to ___
molecule : molecules
In a crystal of an ionic compound, each cation is surrounded by a number of
negative ions
If two covalently bonded atoms are identical, the bond is considered to be ___ covalent
nonpolar
If 2 covalently bonded atoms are identical, the bond is identified as
nonpolar covalent
A chemical bond between atoms results from the attraction between the valence electrons and ___ of different atoms
nuclei
Ionic bonding always takes place between ions of
opposite charge
A covalent bond where there is an unequal attraction for the shared electrons is
polar
Bonds that possess between 5% and 50% ionic character are considered to be
polar covalent
When electrons are shared unequally, it is a ___ bond
polar covalent
Force that holds 2 ions together in an ionic bond
positive and negative
Shifting layers of an ionic crystal causes the crystal to
shatter
sp3
tetrahedral
Why can't an ionic bond form between sodium and magnesium
they are both metals and don't have + and -
sp2
trigonal planar
An electron that participates in bonding is called a ___ electron
valence
VSEPR
valence shell electron pair repulsion, predicts structure/shape of bond
The forces of attraction between molecules in a molecular compound are generally
weaker than the attractive forces among formula units in ionic bonding
