Chapter 6: Deviance

offered a functionalist theory of deviance

émile durkheim

Hate Crime

crime that deliberately targets victims because of their demographic characteristics

Which of the following are necessary for a behavior or characteristic to be defined as deviant?

- group reactions - norms

Place each type of crime in order of its rate, from highest to lowest, in the given year.

- murder in 2012 - rape in 1996 - robbery in 2004 - aggravated assault in 1996

renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and lives outside the conventional norms altogether

retreatist

What are the distinguishing features of a symbolic interactionist theory of social deviance

- A focus on individual psychology rather than the social dynamics of large populations - a recognition of the impact of assigning labels to behaviors and to people

The latest crime statistics in the United States suggest that fifteen- to nineteen-year-olds make up about____ percent of the population but account for _____ percent of criminal arrests, while people sixty-five and older make up more than _____ percent of the population but account for less than_____ percent of arrests.

-7 -12 -15 -1

Merton's typology of deviance

conformists, innovators, ritualists, retreatists, rebels

White Collar Crime

-crime committed by people of high social status individuals - crime that is policed and typically punished less strenuously than other types of crime - crime that does not involve force

Which of the following hypothetical scenarios are examples of social control in the United States

-parents often reminding their young children not to pick their noses -compulsory schooling laws for high-school-aged students

Place each study of deviance in order, from first to last.

1. david matza called for social scientists to understand deviant phenomena in a perspective he called "naturalism" 2. Alexander Liazos suggested that the sociology of deviance mostly focuses on "nuts and sluts" 3. Jack Katz noted that many studies of deviance focus on background rather than foregorund factors 4. Leila rupp and Verta Taylor spent three years studying drag queens.

The year ______ saw the highest homicide rates in U.S. history, at ____ per 100,000 persons, or 24,700 murders. Between then and ______, there was a dramatic ______ in homicide rates, and the rate has stayed _____ ever since.

1991 9.8 2000 drop low

According to a study from 2018, what percentage of U.S. teens were victims of cyberbullying at some point in their lives?

59%

applied social interactionist theory to the dynamics of stigma

Erving goffman

The term "deviant" refers to a moral, not a social, judgement

False

In labeling theory, what is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?

Secondary deviance is an eventual effect of primary deviance, which is the initial deviant behavior

Identify the true and false statements about deviance.

True: -What is considered deviant can vary across different cultures. - What is considered deviant can change over time False: - Group reactions are unimportant in determining deviant behavior - Deviant behavior may not be serious or unusual but can still spark a negative reaction

What, in broad, terms, is the definition of deviance?

a behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristic that violates a norm and causes a negative reaction

Someone who admits that he has a problem, such as alcoholism, but wants to shake the stigma associated with it and change his life for the better, is experiencing tertiary deviance.

false

applied labeling theory to the question of how deviance begins

howard becker

The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is an example of what stigma-related concept?

in-group orientation

A citizen group sends letters to the governor of a southern state and asks her to reconsider stopping the execution of a man on death row convicted of murdering a police officer. The governor declines, stating that the purpose of the criminal justice system is to remove this convicted murderer from society so that everyone else can be protected. What type of justification for punishment is used by the governor?

incapacitation

accepts society's approved goals but rejects the means to achieve those goals

innovator

The way that the My Lai massacre ended during the Vietnam War is an example of what

positive deviance

renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and instead works toward his or her own goals using new means

rebel

gives up on achieving society's approved goals but accepts the means to achieve those goals

ritualist

developed strain theory as a functionalist account of social deviance

robert Merton