Chapter 6 Energy Balance

What is the fuel factor of alcohol?

7kcal/gram

What is the primary energy nutrient?

Carbohydrates

True or False: Because children are smaller, their energy requirements are less per kilogram (or pound) of body weight than those of adults.

False

True or False: Different people doing the same amount of physical activity require the same amount of energy in kilocalories.

False

True or False: The RMR takes into account energy that is used for physical activity.

False

True or False: Vitamins are energy-yielding nutrients in foods.

False

What are the fuel factors of the three energy nutrients?

Fat 9kcal/gram Protein 4kcal/gram Carbs 4kcal/gram

What factors influence basal energy requirements?

Lean body mass, Growth periods, Body temperature, Hormonal status

What body tissues contribute most to resting metabolic needs?

Liver, brain, heart, kidney

What factors influence nonbasal energy needs? Identify each as either voluntary or involuntary.

Nonbasal energy needs are influenced by physical activity and the thermic effect of food. Physical activity is voluntary, whereas the thermic effect of food is involuntary, but both increase energy needs.

Define RMR

Resting metabolic rate (RMR), or resting energy expenditure (REE), refers to the sum of all internal working activities of the body at rest and is expressed in kcal/d.

True or False: The thermic effect of food refers to the energy that is necessary for the digestion of food.

True

True or False: The thyroid hormone thyroxine is a controlling factor of body metabolism.

True

Which one of the following people is using the most energy? a A teenager who is playing basketball b A woman who is walking uphill c A student who is studying for her final examinations d A man who is driving a car

a. Teenager playing basketball

In human nutrition, the kilocalorie is used to a provide vitamins and water. b measure energy input and output. c control energy reactions. d measure electrical energy.

b. measure energy input and output

In the following family of four, who has the highest energy needs per unit of body weight? a The 32-year-old mother b The 35-year-old father c The 2-month-old son d The 70-year-old grandmother

c. 2-month old son

A slice of bread contains 2 g of protein, 1 g of fat, and 15 g of carbohydrate in the form of starch. What is its kilocalorie value? a 17 kcal b 68 kcal c 77 kcal d 92 kcal

c. 77 kcal 2 x 4=8 1 x 9=9 15 x 4=60

An overactive thyroid causes a decreased energy needs. b no effect on energy needs. c increased energy needs. d decreased protein needs.

c. increased energy need

Which of these foods has the highest energy value per unit of weight? a Bread b Meat c Potato d Butter

d. Butter