Chapter 6: Internal Combustion Engine

Internal combustion engines with spark ignition maybe ?

2 or 4 stroke

A four stroke engine needs how many revolutions for 1 power stroke?

2 revs

in high compression diesel engines the combustion temperature can exceed?

2000 degrees C.

using a Turbocharger can reduce the exhaust temperature by how many degrees?

200°C to (300°C for larger engines)

air goes directly to the cylinders at approximately what pressure?

2100 kPa

the ignition pressure of fuel in the compression ignition engines are in what range?

2750 Kpa to 4100 kPa

what percent of the heat in high compression diesel engines is converted to mechanical work?

30 to 35%

the pressure range that the blower compresses the air-fuel mixture is about?

35 kPa to 140 kPa

the turbocharger can increase the overall efficiency of the heat engine up to approximately?

40%

the ignition temperature of fuel in the compression ignition engines are in what range?

540 °C to 650 °C

turbocharger materials must withstand temperatures up to?

600 degrees Celsius

the cylinders of smaller engines are generally lubricated by what type of lubrication?

Splash lubrication

what is usually provided to disable or override trips during startup of a diesel engine?

a bypass switch

if valve stems appears sticky what can be used to clean them?

a little clean kerosene

the main difference between a four-stroke and two-stroke spark ignition engines are?

a two-stroke has no valves, no camshaft and no gearing

how is oil admitted to a 4-stroke engine?

adding a certain quantity of oil to its crankcase

a supercharger on a diesel engine will force more?

air

the supercharger on a gasoline engine will force more?

air - fuel mixture

in a spark ignition engine, the engine speed can be controlled by varying the?

air fuel mixture

Pistons are made of cast iron or?

aluminum alloy

when air flow is too low to draw fuel from the float chamber such as when the engine is idling, what is used to help draw fuel

and idling jet

what else is the carburetor capable of doing to the fuel?

atomizing

The engine frame is mounted on a deep section made from cast iron that forms a wet sump containing all the lubricating oil called a?

bedplate

Where is the scraper ring located in relation to the gudgeon pin?

below the gudgeon pin

where does the idling jet discharge to in relation to the throttle valve?

below the throttle valve where vacuum is greatest when the throttle valve is closed

in the individual pump system the (4) high pressure pumps of operated by the engine through the?

camshaft

mixing of fuel and air together before entering the cylinder can be done in a device known as a?

carburetor

a butterfly type of valve used to reduce air intake in a triple Venturi carburetor is called a?

choke valve

the gudgeon PIN is fully floating and retained by?

circlips

large diesel engines will commonly use what type of starter?

compressed air

the Rings closest to the top of the Piston Crown are called?

compression rings

the Pistons of the engine are connected to the crankshaft by?

connecting rods

All the power in the engine is transferred through the?

crankshaft

the camshaft is driven by the?

crankshaft through a chain or gears

the camshaft is a link between the _____ and the ____ ___ ?

crankshaft, valve train

Replaceable inserts that protect the cylinder block from wear are called?

cylinder liners (sleeves)

in the triple Venturi carburetor the floor area of the main metering orifice can be changed for different loads by the?

economizer needle

the acronym ECM stands for?

electronic control module

supercharging operates on the principle that air flow is proportional to?

engine speed

the lobes in the compressor we'll touch each other. True or false?

false. they have very fine clearances

in the triple Venturi carburetor gasoline is pumped into a chamber who's level is controlled by what kind of valve?

float actuated needle valve

the cast iron device with timing marks on its periphery is called a?

flywheel

in compression ignition engines the speed of the engine can be controlled by varying the amount of?

fuel

3 major types of fuels used are?

gasoline, gaseous fuels and fuel oils

What connects the piston to the rod?

gudgeon pins (wrist.pins)

the majority of operating problems and damage to internal combustion engines are caused by?

improper lubrication

4 stroke engine has what 4 strokes?

intake, compression, power, exhaust

What is the function of the piston rings?

limit amount of oil entering the combustion chamber

the crankshaft converts the?

linear motion to rotational motion

if possible that diesel engine should be run with how much load until operating temperature has been reached?

little or no load

with the common rail system what pressure pump pumps fuel the tank to the injectors?

low pressure pump

very small engines may use what type of starting method?

manual crank

how are the Pistons of large diesel engines cooled?

oil cooled with oil from the lubricating system

a Magneto can be described as a?

simple generator that uses permanent magnets rather than electromagnets

the system used to inject fuel in a diesel engine is called a?

solid injection system

atomization of the fuel at the nozzle is a result of passing through what type of valve?

spring loaded needle valve

what are the weak points in the cooling system of an oil cooled diesel engine?

telescopic and swinging elbows pipes

the position of the governor adjusts what through linkage and a hydraulic pilot valve?

the operation of the fuel valve

the governor hold speed can be adjusted by changing what?

the tension on the governor spring

the choke valve is operated manually by a lever or automatically by a?

thermostat

how is oil admitted to a 2-stroke engine?

thoroughly mixing the lubricating oil with the gasoline in the tank

single point is also known as?

throttle body

in the turbocharger exhaust gases from the engine are used to drive a?

turbine which drives the compressor

air starting requires a how many stage compressor to fill a starting air receiver?

two or three stage compressor

with Splash lubrication the same oil is used for bearing and cylinder lubrication. True or false?

two. This is a compromise between the two uses

the liquid coolant used in a liquid cooled engine is usually a mixture of?

water and glycol

2 types of cylinder liners are?

wet type dry type

two major differences between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine are?

1. the charge drawn is air only 2. no spark plugs 3. fuel is injected at high P at the end of the compression stroke

you know how to draw Alec starting system the accumulator holds a quantity of oil under what range of pressure?

10,000 to 20,000 kPa

an electric starter motor may start engines up to what kilowatt rating?

1000 kilowatts

A two stroke or two cycle engine has how many power strokes per revolution?

1

the spark required for igniting the fuel in the spark ignition engine may be provided by two sources which are?

1. A battery 2. A magneto

an air starting system will start an engine in two ways which are?

1. air directly to the cylinder 2. air to a motor to start the engine

Magneto ignition systems have found to use in what 3 types of engines?

1. aircraft 2. industrial and 3. high performance racing engines

the two main purposes of compression rings are to?

1. ensure there's no leakage past the piston 2. direct heat away from the Piston to the cylinder wall

3 designs of the solid injection system are?

1. individual pump system 2. distributor system 3. common rail system

three advantages of the Magneto ignition system are?

1. lighter in weight 2. produces hotter spark at high speeds 3. produces spark without battery

fuel injection systems are classified in three ways which are?

1. single 2. multi-point 3. direct fuel injection

the starting air receiver capacity should be sufficient for how many starts without recharging?

12

medium sized engines usually have what type of starter?

Electric motor-driven

the purpose of a condenser in a battery ignition system is to?

prevent arcing when the breaker points open

before starting a diesel engine Special Care should be taken to see that's the fuel injection pump is?

primed

the camshafts when installed below the cylinders manipulates what other two mechanisms?

pushrod and rocker arm assembly

individual fuel pumps are of what type?

reciprocating plunger

in the common rail system where does most of the pumped fuel go?

returns to the tank

the blowers on a supercharger are usually of what type?

rotary lobe or centrifugal

in the distribution system, the distributor contains a ______ which lines up the pump discharge with the fuel line to the desired fuel nozzle

rotating channel

Removal of exhaust gases from the cylinder is called?

scavenging