chapter 6 memory - psychology

How do you encode memory?

You encode it through mental operations on sensory information to convert information that is usable in the brain's storage system.

How many bits of information can short term memory hold?

About 7, give or take two.

What is chunking?

Combining bits of information into meaningful units in order to hold more information in short term memory.

What is consolidation?

Consolidation is the physiological changes in the brain associated with memory storage.

What is the difference between context dependent memory and state dependent memory?

Context dependent memory is the theory that information learned in a specific environment/situation is better recalled when in that same environment/situation, while state dependent memory is the theory that information learned in a specific state of mind is better recalled when in that same state of mind.

What does decay mean in terms of memory?

Decay is the theory which states that memory fades and/or disappears over time if it is not used or accessed.

What are the two subsystems of long term memory?

Declarative memory and nondeclarative memory

What is an example of a state?

Depression, anger, happiness, or other emotions.

What is displacement?

Displacement is the process of pushing out older information in short term memory in order to make room for new information.

What does encoding mean?

Encoding is the transformation of information to be stored in memory.

What are the subcategories of declarative memory?

Episodic memory and semantic memory.

What does episodic memory deal with?

Episodic memory deals with the storage memories of life events.

For how long is information typically stored in short term memory?

It is stored for up to 30 seconds.

What is an elaborative rehearsal?

It is the method of transporting information from short term memory to long term memory by making that information meaningful

What is the misinformation effect?

It is the tendency of altering memories of the event itself due to misleading information presented after the event.

What is maintenance rehearsal?

Maintenance rehearsal is the processes of saying bits of information repeatedly to maintain it in short term memory.

What is constructive processing?

Memory retrieval process in which memories are built or reconstructed.

What is the part of declarative memory that deals with the storage of general information like names and facts?

The semantic memory.

What is nondeclarative memory?

Nondeclarative memory is a subsystem within long term memory that deals with memories of skill acquired through repitition and practice.

What is a type of long term memory?

Nondeclarative memory.

If someone learns something to the point where they can repeat it without mistake more than once, what memory technique is being used?

Overlearning.

The tendency to remember the first bit of information in a series due to increased rehearsal is what?

Primary effect.

What is reconstruction?

Reconstruction is the tendency to fill in the gaps in our memory and often believe these represent true memories.

What is a cue used to help remember?

Retrieval cue, encoding, or recall.

Sensory memory deals with what?

Sensory memory deals with the brief storage of information brought in through the senses.

What are two implicit nondeclarative procedural memories?

Skills and habits.