CHAPTER 6 - MIS 304 - BAKER

The connection between a VPN client and a VPN server is called a ____________. a. data highway b. hyperlink c. tunnel d. access point

C

The organization responsible for assigning public IP addresses is called _________. a. CERN b. IEEE c. ICANN d. ISO

C

Which of the following characteristics is a disadvantage of in-house hosting? a. dependency on vendor b. loss of control over data c. cost uncertainties d. lack of visibility into security details

C

Which of the following is an example of PaaS? a. Apple iCloud b. Amazon S3 c. Oracle On Demand d. Office 365

C

Which of the following is defined as the elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet? a. Broadband b. Wiki c. The cloud d. Bluetooth

C

Which of the following protocols guarantees secure data transmission? a. http b. ftp c. https d. smtp

C

IPv6

- E.g. 0:0:0:0:0:ffff:89be:80a - Hexadecimal notation - 340 undecillion addresses

The Mainframe Era (1960s-1980s)

- Large-scale high-speed centralized computers. - Thin clients, no Internet, and no Cloud.

Local area network (LAN)

Computers connected at a single physical site

Net Neutrality Principles

- All data treated equally. - Carriers should not be allowed to: ▪ Decide which sites load quickly ▪ Decide which apps are allowed on a network ▪ Decide which content is acceptable

The Client-Server Era (1990s-2000s)

- Allowed clients (users) to send requests across the Internet to servers. - Internet, but no modern cloud computing yet.

The Cloud Computing Era (2008-Current)

- Applications, data, and processing power can be used remotely. - Accessed with a variety of devices including PCs, thin clients, mobile devices, and IoT devices.

Economies of Scale

- Average cost decreases as size of operation increases. - Major cloud vendors operate enormous data centers (Web farms).

Quantum Learning

- Based on the iterative generation of models. - Adapts models and interprets them differently over time. - Allows the computer to identify patterns and other insights independently. - Quantum computing could advance machine learning due to increased processing power.

CDN Benefits

- Decreased, even guaranteed, load time - Reduced load on origin server - Increased reliability - Protection from DOC attacks - Reducted delivery costs for mobile users - Pay as you go

IPv4

- E.g. 137.190.8.10 - Dotted decimal notation - Only about 4 billion addresses (not enough)

Using private IP addresses (Benefits)

- Eliminates registering public IP address with ICANN-approved agencies. - Protects against direct attack.

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

- Stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes data available on demand. - Specialized type of PaaS, but usually considered in its own category. - Minimizes latency. - Used to store and deliver content seldom changed.

Bluetooth

-Transmits data short distances. -Connect computer, keyboard, mouse, printer, smartphones, smartwatches, automobiles, sports equipment, clothing.

WAN wireless average performance

1 Mbps, with peaks of up to 3.0 Mbps.

K(ilo)

1,000

M(ega)

1,000,000

G(Ina)

1,000,000,000

ISP Functions

1. Provide legitimate Internet address. 2. Provide gateway to Internet. 3. Pay access fees and other charges to telecoms.

Typical wireless LAN

50 Mbps

The _________ tier of the three tier architecture consists of computers, phones, and other mobile devices that have browsers that request and process web pages. a. user b. server c. database d. data link

A

Which of the following TCP/IP application-layer protocols is used for small transmissions? a. ftp b. https c. smtp d. IP

A

Which of the following TCP/IP application-layer protocols is used to move files over the Internet and maintain web sites? a. ftp b. smtp c. https d. http

A

Which of the following characteristics is a disadvantage of cloud-based hosting? a. it involves high dependency on vendor b. it involves sufficient requirement of capital c. it involves high annual maintenance costs d. it involves high ongoing support costs

A

Which of the following features distinguishes a LAN from a WAN? a. A LAN connects computers in a single location b. A WAN has a limit on the number of users c. a WAN has low bandwidth d. a LAN has stringent hardware requirements

A

Which of the following is a characteristic of in-house hosting? a. in-depth visibility of disaster preparedness b. small capital requirements c. industry-wide economies of scale d. known cost structure

A

Which of the following is an example of SaaS? a. iCloud b. Microsoft Windows Azure c. Oracle On Demand d. Amazon S3

A

Which of the following is the most common format for IP addresses? a. IPv4 b. TCP c. IPv6 d. http

A

IEEE 802.11

-Wireless LAN - 802.11ac -Speeds up to 1.3 Gbps

Communication speeds expressed in

bits

IaaS Example

Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service)

PaaS

Application developers and Application testers

Cloud resources are _________ because many different organizations use the same physical hardware. a. elastic b. pooled c. programmatic d. portable

B

The ________ protocol standard is also known as ethernet. a. bluetooth b. IEEE 802.11 c. IEEE 802.3 d. DSL

C

Memory sizes expressed in

Bytes

A _________ detects the speed that a given device can handle and communicates with it at that speed. a. codec b. modem c. switch d. port

C

Amazon S3 is an example of ________. a. cdn b. PaaS c. IaaS d. VPN

C

Which of the following statements is true about IEEE 802.3? a. It is the protocol for wireless LAN connections. b. It is the protocol for bluetooth. c. It is the protocol for wired LAN connections d. It is the universal standard protocol for all WAN connections

C

__________ is wireless protocol designed for transmitting data over short distances, replacing cables. a. IPv6 b. PaaS c. Bluetooth d. IPv4

C

Wide area network (WAN)

Computers connected between two or more separated sites

In House (Positive)

Control of data location In-depth visibility of security and disaster preparedness

A ________ is a set of rules that programs on two communicating devices follow. a. codec b. cloud c. packet d. protocol

D

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

Internet address protocol, such as http:// or ftp://

In cloud computing, resources are said to be "pooled" because organizations _________. a. use the public internet to create the appearance of a private connection b. use open source standards that enable users to modify a program's source code c. offer their services to each other free of charge, in a give and take arrangement d. share the same physical hardware through virtualization

D

The term _________ means that the computing resources leased can be increased or decreased dynamically in a short span of time and that organizations pay for just the resources that they use. a. portable b. pooled c. programmatic d. elastic

D

Which of the following is an example of IaaS? a. Apple iCloud b. Microsoft Azure c. Office 365 d. Amazon S3

D

Cloud (Negative)

Dependency on vendor Loss of control over data location Little visibility into true security and disaster preparedness capabilities

Personal area network (PAN)

Devices connected around a single person

Cloud

Elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the Internet

SaaS

Employees and Customers

PaaS Example

Google App Engine Microsoft Azure AWS Elastic Beanstalk

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)

Markup language used for transmitting documents. Contains little metadata. Preferred for transmitting volumes of data between servers and browsers. While notation in format of JavaScript objects, JSON documents can be processed by any language.

IaaS

Network architects and Systems administrators

The Internet and internets

Networks of networks

Public IP addresses conserved (Benefits)

One public IP address per LAN.

SOAP (no longer an acronym)

Protocol for requesting Web services and for sending responses to Web service requests.

SaaS Example

Salesforce.com iCloud Office 365

In House (Negative)

Significant capital required Significant development effort Difficult (impossible?) to accommodate fluctuating demand Ongoing support costs Staff and train personnel Increased management requirements Annual maintenance costs Cost uncertainties Obsolescence

Cloud (Positive)

Small capital requirements Speedy development Superior scalability to growing or fluctuating demand Known cost structure Possibly best-of-breed security/disaster preparedness No obsolescence Industry-wide economies of scale, hence cheaper Focus on core business, not infrastructure

WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

Standard for describing services, inputs, outputs, other data supported by a Web service. Documents coded machine readable and used by developer tools for creating programs to access the service.

Machine learning

The ability of computers to learn dynamically rather than being explicitly coded.

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

Used for transmitting documents. Contains metadata to validate format and completeness of a document, includes considerable overhead.

Why are organizations moving to the cloud?

• Lower costs - cheap processors, essentially free data communication and storage. • Ubiquitous access • Improved scalability • Elasticity • Virtualization technology • Internet-based standards enable flexible, standardized processing capabilities.

Elastic

▪ Automatically adjusts for unpredictable demand ▪ Limits financial risks

Private IP addresses

▪ Identifies a device on a private network, usually a LAN. ▪ Assignment LAN controlled.

Public IP addresses

▪ Identifies a unique device on Internet. ▪ Assigned by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).

Pooled

▪ Same physical hardware ▪ Economies of scale

Domain name

▪ Unique name affiliated with a public IP address. ▪ Dynamic affiliation of domain names with IP addresses. ▪ Multiple domain names for same IP address.

IEEE 802.3

▪ Wired LAN ▪ 10/100/1000 Mbps ▪ Ethernet