Chapter 6

In ________ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior.

classical conditioning

Two forms of associative learning are ________ and ________.

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

In Pavlov's work with dogs, the psychic secretions were ________.

conditioned responses

Extinction occurs when ________.

the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Who proposed observational learning?

Albert Bandura

Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the development of a human being?

infant sucking on a nipple

In Bandura's Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they ________.

kicked and threw the doll

Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer?

money

________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior.

negative punishment

A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a(n) ________.

neutral stimulus

Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that ________.

occurs as a result of experience

Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ________.

shaping

In Watson and Rayner's experiments, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates ________.

stimulus generalization

Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio