Chapter 6 questions

Arrange the four steps of cellular respiration in the correct order. Start with the earliest on top.

(1) glycolysis (2) the breakdown of pyruvate (3) the citric acid cycle (4) oxidative phosphorylation

Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces ______. Multiple choice question. 3 NAD+ and 1 FAD 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 2 NAD+ and 2 FAD 2 NADH and 2 FADH2 2 NADH

3 NADH and 1 FADH2

During the breakdown of one molecule of glucose by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes, the theoretical maximum yield of ATP produced just by oxidative phosphorylation is approximately:

30-34 ATP

Multiple Choice Question Which term is used to describe an environment that lacks oxygen? Multiple choice question. Anabolic Catabolic Aerobic Anaerobic

Anaerobic

Which of the following mechanisms have evolved to allow the metabolism of organic molecules in the absence of oxygen?

Anaerobic respiration Fermentation

Glycolysis is the pathway for glucose breakdown in which of the following? Multiple select question. Archaea Eukaryotes Viruses Bacteria

Archaea Eukaryotes Bacteria

While glycolysis occurs in the in eukaryotic cells, the _____remaining steps of respiration occur in the ______ of the cell.

Blank 1: cytosol or cytoplasm Blank 2: mitochondria or mitochondrion

The location of oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes is the _____membrane and in eukaryotes is the_______ mitochondrial membrane.

Blank 1: plasma, cellular, cell, or cytoplasmic Blank 2: inner, inside, or cristae

During the cleavage stage of glycolysis, a molecule with _____ carbon atoms is broken into two molecules of ________ -3-phosphate.

Blank 1: six or 6 Blank 2: glyceraldehyde

The removal of phosphate from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate allows for the transfer of the phosphate to ADP, producing ATP via ___-_____ phosphorylation.

Blank 1: substrate Blank 2: level

How is the acetyl group linked to CoA? Multiple choice question. By a covalent bond to an iron atom By a covalent bond to a sulfur atom By a hydrogen bond to a hydrogen atom By a hydrogen bond to an oxygen atom

By a covalent bond to a sulfur atom

As a result of the reactions of the citric acid cycle, the carbons from acetyl CoA are released as: Multiple choice question. ATP pyruvate NADH CO2

CO2

The products of the breakdown of pyruvate are acetyl CoA,

CO2 and NADH.

The electron transport chain results in the oxidation of what energy intermediates produced in the earlier steps of cellular respiration? Multiple select question. NADH FADH2 CO2 ATP

NADH FADH2

The sources of high-energy electrons for oxidative phosphorylation include ______. Multiple select question. NADH FADH2 ATP FAD NAD ADP

NADH FADH2

Which of the following molecules are energy intermediates produced during cellular respiration? Multiple select question. NADH FADH2 Glucose H2O ATP

NADH FADH2 ATP

List the products of the citric acid cycle. NADH FADH2 ATP Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate Carbon dioxide

NADH FADH2 ATP Carbon dioxide

What energy intermediates are produced in the citric acid cycle? Multiple select question. NADH NAD+ Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate FADH2 GTP

NADH FADH2 GTP

Which of the following best describes the chemical reactions of oxidative phosphorylation

NADH is oxidized and ATP is produced.

The invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase its surface area are called

Cristae

True or false: The redox reactions of the electron transport chain transfer electrons from components with higher electronegativity to those with lower electronegativity.

False

Select the organic molecules obtained from food that are most typically used as energy sources. Multiple select question. Nucleotides Fats Carbohydrates Proteins

Fats Carbohydrates Proteins

What type of pathway produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation without any net oxidation of organic molecules?

Fermentation

What is produced during the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate? Multiple choice question. CO2 FADH2 NADH ATP

NADH

What are the products of the breakdown of a single pyruvate molecule? Two NADH molecules One CO2 One NADH molecule One acetyl group One ATP molecule Two acetyl groups

One CO2 One NADH molecule One acetyl group

In glycolysis, what is the net yield of ATP per molecule of glucose? Multiple choice question. Two ATP molecules Four ATP molecules Six ATP molecules Twelve ATP molecules

Two ATP molecules

The metabolic reactions that a cell uses to get energy from food molecules and release waste products are collectively called ______. Multiple choice question. glycolysis cellular respiration chemical respiration oxidative phosphorylation

cellular respiration

Glucose contains covalent bonds that store a large amount of ______.. kinetic energy chemical energy water ATP

chemical energy

Energy stored in a proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi during the process of_________

chemiosmosis

Multiple Choice Question The use of energy stored in a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP is called ______. Multiple choice question. substrate-level phosphorylation glycolysis chemiosmosis fermentation

chemiosmosis

The use of energy stored in a proton gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP is called ______. Multiple choice question. substrate-level phosphorylation chemiosmosis fermentation glycolysis

chemiosmosis

The citric acid cycle consists of ______ reactions or steps. Multiple choice question. four ten eight six twelve

eight

A series of redox reactions makes up the _____ transport chain.

electron

In the electron transport chain, electrons are transferred to molecules with increasingly higher

electronegativity

Electronegativity refers to the ability to attract

electrons

The iron atoms in the prosthetic groups of the electron transport chain proteins can easily accept and release ______.

electrons

During the first phase of glycolysis, ATP is hydrolyzed so that phosphate groups can be added to ______. Multiple choice question. glucose NADH pyruvate ADP

glucose

The energy that allows for the phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP is provided by the flow of _______ ions through ATP synthase.

hydrogen, hydrogens, H+, protons, H, or proton

During glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is split into two three-carbon sugars. The rearrangement of one of these molecules results in the net production of two molecules of ______. Multiple choice question. fructose-6-phosphate NADH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

The cristae increase the amount of ATP that can be made by ____. Multiple choice question. increasing the availability of the enzymes for glycolysis increasing the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane increasing the volume of the mitochondria

increasing the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane

In the final stage of glucose metabolism, the high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are removed and used to produce more ATP. This process is called

oxidative phosphorylation

The majority of ATP produced during aerobic cellular respiration is during:

oxidative phosphorylation

During aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is

oxygen

The electron transport chain is also called the respiratory chain because it consumes

oxygen

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is

oxygen

The process of glycolysis can take place ______. Multiple choice question. only in the presence of oxygen only in the absence of oxygen in the presence or absence of oxygen

in the presence or absence of oxygen

Invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane: Multiple select questions. decrease surface area increase surface area are called cristae allow for greater ATP production

increase surface area are called cristae allow for greater ATP production

Arrange the three stages of glycolysis in the correct order. Begin with the initial phase at the top of the list.

1. Energy Investment 2. Cleavage Phase 3. Energy liberation Phase

Each turn of the citric acid cycle produces molecule(s) ______ of CO2.

2

What are the products of the citric acid cycle? Select all that apply. Multiple select question. NADH FADH2 CoA—SH pyruvate GTP CO2 O2

2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP CoA—SH

For every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, the energy liberation phase (steps 6-10) generates a total of ______. Multiple choice question. 2 NADH and 2 ATP molecules 2 NADH and 4 ATP molecules 4 NADH and 4 ATP molecules 3 NADH and 4 ATP molecules 4 NADH and 2 ATP molecules

2 NADH and 4 ATP molecules

Select all that apply Which of the following serve as REACTANTS in the net reaction of glycolysis? Multiple select question. 2 ATP 2 H2O 2 Pi2- 2 NAD+ 2 ADP2- 2 NADH

2 Pi2- 2 NAD+ 2 ADP2-

The net products of glycolysis are

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O

The net products of glycolysis are ______. Multiple choice question. 2 acetyl-CoA, 2 CO2, 4 NADH, 4 ATP, and 2 H2O 2 acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, 2 ATP, and 4 H2O 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP and 2 H2O 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O

The number of ATP molecules hydrolyzed during the first stage of glycolysis is

2, two, 2 ATP, 2 ATP molecules, or 2 ATPs

Formation of ATP within the electron transport chain is catalyzed by the enzyme

ATP synthase

How many ATP molecules are produced by oxidative phosphorylation for every one molecule of glucose that enters the pathways of cellular respiration? Multiple choice question. 40-60 ATP 4-8 ATP 30-34 ATP 6 ATP

30-34 ATP

The approximate amount of ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation is: Multiple choice question. 30-34 ATP 2-4 ATP 36-39 ATP 4-6 ATP

30-34 ATP

In the first reaction of the citric acid cycle, oxaloacetate, which contains ______ carbons, is combined with acetyl-CoA, which contains ______ carbons in its acetyl group, to produce citric acid, which contains ______ carbons. Multiple choice question. 4; 1; 5 3; 3; 6 5; 1; 6 3; 1; 4 4; 2; 6 2; 2; 4

4; 2; 6

The first three stages of the oxidation of one molecule of glucose are glycolysis, pyruvate breakdown, and the citric acid cycle. These collectively produce ______. Multiple choice question. 6 CO2, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 ATP 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 3 FADH2, and 6 ATP 6 CO2, 6 NADH, 6 FADH2, and 6 ATP 3 CO2, 5 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 2 ATP

6 CO2, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 ATP

Which of the following is the best description of the process of cellular respiration A means to utilize ATP in cells A means to extract energy from oxygen A means to extract energy from inorganic molecules A means to extract energy from organic molecules

A means to extract energy from organic molecules

What is a metabolic cycle? Multiple choice question. A series of reactions that regenerates organic molecules The mechanism through which information flows from DNA to RNA to protein The loss of some energy as heat during every chemical reaction

A series of reactions that regenerates organic molecules

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthase adds a phosphate group to:

ADP

During chemiosmosis, the energy in the form of a proton gradient is converted to chemical potential energy in _____________ molecules.

ATP

The GTP produced in the citric acid cycle is used to synthesize ______. Multiple choice question. CO2 O2 NADH FADH2 ATP

ATP

The main product of cellular respiration is Multiple choice question. carbon dioxide oxygen ATP organic molecules

ATP

Which of the following are end products of glycolysis? . ATP Carbon dioxide NADH Pyruvate Oxygen gas

ATP NADH Pyruvate

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced by the enzyme:

ATP synthase

During oxidative phosphorylation, what enzyme produces ATP? Multiple choice question. Pyruvate kinase ATP dehydrogenase Phosphoglycerokinase ATP synthase

ATP synthase

The primary aim of cellular respiration is to produce molecules of______ which provide energy to the cell.

ATP, adenosinetriphosphate, or adenosine triphosphate

What are the products of the chemical reaction that breaks down pyruvate? Multiple select question. FADH2 Acetyl-CoA NADH CO2 Glucose ATP

Acetyl-CoA NADH CO2

What happens during substrate-level phosphorylation? An enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP This describes oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is broken down into ADP and a phosphate group

An enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP

During strenuous exercise, what type of condition may develop in cells when the rate of oxygen delivery cannot keep up with the rate of oxygen demand?

Anaerobic

Why do the electrons carried by FADH2 release less energy in the electron transport chain than those carried by NADH?

Because FADH2 releases its electrons to the chain at a later step than NADH

What field is the study of the chemistry of living organisms? Multiple choice question. Molecular biology Biochemistry Cell biology Proteomics

Biochemistry

Glycolysis results in a net gain of _____ ATP per glucose molecule.

Blank 1: 2 or two

During the complete oxidation of a glucose molecule during aerobic cellular respiration, glycolysis produces _____ ATP (net), the citric acid cycle produces_______ ATP, and oxidative phosphorylation produces _____between _______ and ATP.

Blank 1: 2 or two Blank 2: 2 or two Blank 3: 30 or thirty Blank 4: 34, thirty-four, or thirty four

The third stage of glycolysis (steps 6-10) is called the energy liberation phase. It produces a total of _______ molecule(s) of NADH and _______ molecule(s) of ATP for every molecule of glucose that enters the pathway. Note: This question is NOT asking about the net yield but the total.

Blank 1: 2 or two Blank 2: 4 or four

Chemiosmosis can produce between ______and _______ ATP molecules for every molecule of glucose that is oxidized. Listen to the complete question

Blank 1: 30 or thirty Blank 2: 34 or thirty-four

For one molecule of glucose, the steps preceding oxidative phosphorylation produce a net total of __molecules of CO2, __molecules of ATP, __molecules of NADH, and __molecules of FADH2.

Blank 1: 6, six, or 6 molecules Blank 2: 4, four, or 4 molecules Blank 3: 10, ten, or 10 molecules Blank 4: 2, two, or 2 molecules

The three energy intermediates produced during cellular respiration are ______,_______ , and ___________ .

Blank 1: ATP or GTP Blank 2: NADH Blank 3: FADH2 or FADH

When pyruvate is broken down, the acetyl group is attached to coenzyme A, and two high-energy electrons are transferred to .

Blank 1: NAD+ or NAD

The high-energy electrons that are used for oxidative phosphorylation come from molecules of_____ and______.

Blank 1: NADH Blank 2: FADH2

The component of the ETC that receives electrons from NADH is _________ dehydrogenase, while ____________reductase receives electrons from FADH2.

Blank 1: NADH Blank 2: succinate

A single run of the citric acid cycle results in the production of two molecules of carbon dioxide, one molecule of ATP (or GTP), three molecules of _______ and one molecule of ___________ , from one acetyl group.

Blank 1: NADH or 3 NADH Blank 2: FADH2 or 1 FADH2

In a molecule of acetyl-CoA, the acetyl group is attached to CoA via a covalent bond to a(n) _________________ atom.

Blank 1: S or sulfur

The pyruvate molecule produced in glycolysis undergoes a reaction which results in the production of one group ______and one CO2 molecule.

Blank 1: acetyl, acetyl CoA, or acetyl-CoA

What molecules become oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation? Multiple select question. ATP FADH2 Pyruvate CO2 Glucose NADH

FADH2 NADH

True or false: Glycolysis can only occur under aerobic conditions.

False

True or false: NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain at the same point.

False

True or false: The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain requires an input of energy.

False

During glycolysis, one molecule of ______ is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, driving the synthesis of ATP.

Glucose

. Fermentation that occurs in yeast cells is represented by the equation ______.

Glucose -----> 2 ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

Which of the following best describes how the energy arising from glucose oxidation is released? Explosively Very slowly Incrementally, step-wise Fast but not explosively

Incrementally, step-wise

What is the advantage of a step-wise release of the energy produced from the breakdown of glucose?

It allows cells to couple the breakdown of glucose with useful chemical processes.

Why is the electron transport chain also called the respiratory chain?

It consumes O2.

What happens to the acetyl-CoA that is produced from pyruvate? It enters the electron transport chain. It is attached to NAD+. It is converted to ATP. It enters the citric acid cycle.

It enters the citric acid cycle.

What happens to the acetyl-CoA that is produced from pyruvate? Multiple choice question. It enters the citric acid cycle. It enters the electron transport chain. It is converted to ATP. It is attached to NAD+.

It enters the citric acid cycle.

What happens to the GTP that is produced in the citric acid cycle? Multiple choice question. It is transported to the cytoplasm and used for glycolysis. It is used to make ATP. It enters the electron transport chain.

It is used to make ATP.

The electrons donated to the electron transport by FADH2 release, ______energy than the electrons donated by NADH.

LESS

Where does the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells? Mitochondrial cristae Cytosol Mitochondrial matrix Intermembrane space

Mitochondrial matrix

During the breakdown of pyruvate, two high-energy electrons are removed from pyruvate and transferred to ______. Multiple choice question. ATP CO2 NAD+ acetyl-CoA

NAD+

What reactants are required for the citric acid cycle? Multiple select question. NAD+ FAD ATP CO2 Acetyl-CoA GDP2-

NAD+ FAD Acetyl-CoA GDP2-

What intermediate is regenerated as a result of the reactions of the citric acid cycle?

Oxaloacetate

What four pathways are involved in the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water? Oxidative phosphorylation Breakdown of pyruvate Citric acid cycle Photosynthesis Glycolysis Gluconeogenesis

Oxidative phosphorylation Breakdown of pyruvate Citric acid cycle Glycolysis

Consider the net equation of cellular respiration. Which of the following molecules would be reactants? . Oxygen Water Carbon dioxide Glucose

Oxygen Glucose

In prokaryotes, where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? Multiple choice question. Vesicle Plasma membrane Ribosome Nuclear membrane

Plasma membrane

What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation? Multiple choice question. Reduction of the level of oxygen in the cell Splitting of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate Synthesis of NADH and FADH2 Production of water Production of ATP

Production of ATP

What is the main function of oxidative phosphorylation? Multiple choice question. Production of ATP Production of water Reduction of the level of oxygen in the cell Synthesis of NADH and FADH2 Splitting of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate

Production of ATP

The structural components of the electron transport chain include which of the following

Small organic molecules Protein complexes

Which of the following are reasons that the maximum amount of ATP may not always be produced through oxidative phosphorylation? Multiple select question. ATP synthase does not always produce the maximum amount of ATP. Some NADH might be used to synthesize organic molecules. The mitochondrion may use some of the H+ gradient for other purposes. Some FADH2 might be used for anabolic pathways.

Some NADH might be used to synthesize organic molecules. The mitochondrion may use some of the H+ gradient for other purposes. Some FADH2 might be used for anabolic pathways.

Select all that apply The yield of ATP per molecule of glucose is often lower than the maximum possible value. Why is this so? Multiple select question. Some of the NADH and FADH2 are used in other biochemical pathways. Some of the ATP leaks out of the mitochondria. The H+ gradient is also used to transport glucose into the cell. The H+ gradient is also used to transport pyruvate into the matrix.

Some of the NADH and FADH2 are used in other biochemical pathways. The H+ gradient is also used to transport pyruvate into the matrix.

What process is used to synthesize ATP during glycolysis? Oxidative phosphorylation ATP hydrolysis Substrate-level phosphorylation Chemiosmosis

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Which of the following molecules are used as energy sources by living organisms? Multiple select question. Water Sugars Fatty acids Molecular oxygen Amino acids

Sugars Fatty acids Amino acids

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria? Multiple select question. The breakdown of pyruvate Glycolysis The citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Alcohol fermentation

The breakdown of pyruvate The citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria? Multiple select question. The breakdown of pyruvate The citric acid cycle Glycolysis Alcohol fermentation Oxidative phosphorylation

The breakdown of pyruvate The citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria? . Alcohol fermentation The citric acid cycle The breakdown of pyruvate Oxidative phosphorylation Glycolysis

The citric acid cycle The breakdown of pyruvate Oxidative phosphorylation

What is the source of energy for the synthesis of ATP by the enzyme ATP synthase? Multiple choice question. The flow of protons down their electrochemical gradient The active transport of sodium ions against their electrochemical gradient The cleavage of a high-energy bond in another molecule The hydrolysis of ATP

The flow of protons down their electrochemical gradient

Why does using the same pathway for the breakdown of sugars, amino acids, and fats make cellular metabolism more efficient?

The same enzymes can be used.

Why are phosphate groups added to glucose during the first phase of glycolysis? Multiple choice question. To lower its free energy so that later reactions are endergonic To lower its free energy so that later reactions are exergonic To raise its free energy so that later reactions are endergonic To raise its free energy so that later reactions are exergonic

To raise its free energy so that later reactions are exergonic

True or false: Ubiquinone is not a protein; rather it is a small organic molecule.

True

Which member of the electron transport chain (ETC) is a small nonpolar organic molecule that can accept and release electrons? Multiple choice question. Ubiquinone ATP synthase NADH dehydrogenase Cytochrome oxidase

Ubiquinone

What evidence suggests that glycolysis arose very early in the evolution of life? Multiple choice question. Glucose and pyruvate have been identified in the most ancient fossils. The steps of glycolysis are found in bacteria and archaea as well as eukaryotes. Six-carbon sugars such as glucose are the most common monosaccharides.

What evidence suggests that glycolysis arose very early in the evolution of life?

Many of the proteins of the electron transport chain contain prosthetic groups. These prosthetic groups commonly contain iron, which can easily ______. Multiple choice question. accept and release an electron bind covalently to NADH and FADH2 transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane phosphorylate ADP

accept and release an electron

Acetyl CoA is produced when coenzyme A is attached to a(n) _____ the group produced during the breakdown of pyruvate.

acetyl

The pyruvate molecule produced in glycolysis undergoes a reaction which results in the production of one ___________ group and one CO2 molecule.

acetyl, acetyl CoA, or acetyl-CoA

Some organisms can metabolize organic molecules in the absence of oxygen by using a substance other than O2 as the final electron acceptor of an electron transport chain. This process is called ______.

anaerobic respiration

The products of cellular respiration include ______. carbon dioxide glucose water oxygen

carbon dioxide water

After a molecule of CO2 is removed from pyruvate, the remaining acetyl group is attached to ______. Multiple choice question. NAD+ coenzyme A glucose ADP

coenzyme A

During chemiosmosis, energy stored in a proton gradient is ______. Multiple choice question. converted to chemical bond energy in ATP used to reduce FAD used to move electrons through the electron transport chain used to oxidize NADH

converted to chemical bond energy in ATP

The ______ bonds in glucose store large amounts of energy. Multiple choice question. covalent ionic hydrogen high energy

covalent

Because the citric acid cycle regenerates one of the molecules that is necessary to start the reactions, it is considered ______. Multiple choice question. linear an evolutionary artifact redundant cyclical

cyclical

Glycolysis occurs in the ______. mitochondrion cytosol plasma membrane cristae membrane

cytosol

Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 by an enzyme called pyruvate

dehydrogenase

The first phase of glycolysis is also called the ______ phase Multiple choice question. cleavage chemiosmosis energy investment energy liberation

energy investment

Using the same pathway for the breakdown of sugars, amino acids, and fats makes cellular metabolism more efficient because the same __________can be used for the breakdown of many starting molecules.

enzymes, enzyme, proteins, or catalysts

The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain is ______. Multiple choice question. endergonic exergonic neither exergonic nor endergonic

exergonic

True or false: Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria.

false

During the energy investment phase of glycolysis, glucose is converted to: Multiple choice question. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate carbon dioxide fructose-1,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate

fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

The cristae increase the amount of ATP that can be made by ____. Multiple choice question. increasing the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane increasing the availability of the enzymes for glycolysis increasing the volume of the mitochondria

increasing the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane

In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain is located in the ______. Multiple choice question. cytosol outer mitochondrial membrane plasma membrane mitochondrial matrix inner mitochondrial membrane

inner mitochondrial membrane

The citric acid cycle is considered cyclical because ______. Multiple choice question. it does not produce any products it regenerates a required substrate it can proceed in either the forward or the reverse direction it converts ADP to ATP

it regenerates a required substrate

The electrons donated to the electron transport by FADH2 release energy than the electrons donated by NADH.

less, lower, or fewer

A cycle in which some molecules enter a pathway and others leave, with the ultimate outcome that some molecules are generated and can be used again, is a(n)_____________ cycle.

metabolic, citric acid, Krebs, or Calvin

In eukaryotic cells, pyruvate breakdown, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the: mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum cytosol plasma membrane nucleus

mitochondria

In eukaryotic cells, pyruvate breakdown, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the: Multiple choice question. cytosol endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria plasma membrane nucleus

mitochondria

In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the ______ matrix.

mitochondria

In eukaryotes, pyruvate dehydrogenase is a ______ enzyme that ______ pyruvate. Multiple choice question. cytoplasmic ; reduces cytoplasmic ; oxidizes mitochondrial ; oxidizes mitochondrial ; reduces

mitochondrial ; oxidizes

In order for cellular respiration to continue, the pyruvate produced in glycolysis must be transported into the ______. Multiple choice question. mitochondrion cytosol electron transport chain stroma

mitochondrion

In order for cellular respiration to continue, the pyruvate produced in glycolysis must be transported into the ______. Multiple choice question. cytosol mitochondrion electron transport chain stroma

mitochondrion

In the final reaction of the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to produce ______. Multiple choice question. fumarate citrate oxaloacetate CO2 ______. Multiple choice question. fumarate citrate oxaloacetate CO2

oxaloacetate

In the first reaction of the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA is combined with ____________ to produce ___________ .

oxaloacetate: citrate

The purpose of the energy investment phase of glycolysis is to: Multiple choice question. prime glucose for the exergonic reactions to follow allow for the regeneration of oxaloacetate prime glucose for the endergonic reactions to follow allow for the regeneration of NAD+

prime glucose for the exergonic reactions to follow

The electron transport chain involves a series of ______ reactions

redox

The electron transport chain involves a series of ______ reactions. Multiple choice question. redox phosphorylation carbon fixation glycolytic

redox

During cellular respiration, acetyl-CoA is formed during a reaction that also: Multiple choice question. removes coenzyme A from pyruvate reduces pyruvate attaches coenzyme A to pyruvate removes a CO2 from pyruvate

removes a CO2 from pyruvate

The ATP produced during glycolysis is the result of__________ -level phosphorylation.

substrate

The transfer of a high energy phosphate group from a phosphorylated organic molecule to ADP is referred to as ______. chemiosmotic phosphorylation oxidative phosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation reduction

substrate-level phosphorylation

The second event in oxidative phosphorylation is the production of ATP by the enzyme ATP

synthase

The hydrolysis of ATP early in glycolysis leads directly to ______. Multiple choice question. the reduction of NAD+ the pumping of protons into the intermembrane space the phosphorylation of glucose the reduction of FAD

the phosphorylation of glucose

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis is coupled to

the removal of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis is coupled to ______. Multiple choice question. the synthesis of NADH and FADH2 the entry of acetyl-CoA into the citric acid cycle the breakdown of glucose into CO2 the removal of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2

the removal of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2

During the first phase of glycolysis: Multiple choice question. ATP is produced there is an ATP investment there is reduction of FAD pyruvate is produced

there is an ATP investment

All the reactions of glycolysis can be grouped into ______ phases. Multiple choice question. six ten four three two

three

Glycolysis involves the breakdown of one molecule of glucose into ______. Multiple choice question. two molecules of pyruvate one molecule of pyruvate and three molecules of CO2 one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of acetyl-CoA three molecules of acetyl-CoA

two molecules of pyruvate

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into ______. six carbon dioxide molecules two pyruvate molecules three acetyl groups two citric acid molecules

two pyruvate molecules

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into ______. two pyruvate molecules two citric acid molecules three acetyl groups six carbon dioxide molecules

two pyruvate molecules

The second stage of glycolysis is called the cleavage phase. The reactions of the cleavage phase break a six-carbon molecule into: Multiple choice question. three two-carbon molecules two three-carbon molecules six molecules of CO2 a four-carbon molecule and two molecules of CO2

two three-carbon molecules

When electrons are transferred to oxygen in the final step of the electron transport chain, a molecule of ___ is produced.

water, H2O, or H20

If an organism can use only O2 as a final electron acceptor, can it generate ATP under anaerobic conditions?

yes, it can generate ATP through glycolysis