Chapter 6 Questions

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they...

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four?

mitochondrial outer membrane

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

motor proteins

Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria?

muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

phagocytic white blood cell

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through...

plasmodesmata

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

ribosome

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

ribosome, rough ER, smooth ER

Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles?

ribosomes

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to...

secrete large amounts of protein

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure or structures would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?

the nucleus

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through...

the plasma membrane

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system? -nuclear envelope -ER -Golgi apparatus -chloroplast -plasma membrane

chloroplast

Which of the following is true in respect to eukaryotic chromosomes?

-Chromosomes are present even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins -All eukaryotic cells possess one or more chromosomes -Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle

Which of the following is FALSE?

-Mitochondria have more than one membrane -The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae -Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism -Mitochondria possess their own DNA

Which of the following is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

-the shape of the cell -the cell's surface-to-volume ration -the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell

Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix?

Both are permeable to water and small solutes.

Which of the following statements is true about cell fractionation?

Cell fractionation separates cells into their component parts

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm

Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?

DNA → RNA → protein

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.

Golgi apparatus

Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with which of the following to perform many of their functions?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough ER might move through the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus → lysosome

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

Which of the following expresses the concept of emergent properties?

The parts of a car, once assembled, result in a structure that can provide transportation.

A particular cell has a nucleus and chloroplasts in addition to the fundamental structures required by all cells. Based on this information, this cell could be...

a photosynthetic protist cell or a plant cell

Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to...

be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment

Which of the following is the simplest collection of matter that can live?

cell

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells? -Golgi apparatus -mitochondria -rough ER -centrioles -plasma membrane

centrioles

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?

embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell...

Which of the following organelles is UNLIKELY to show enhanced abundance in pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?

free cytoplasmic ribosomes

One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells...

have membrane-enclosed organelles, which are lacking in prokaryotic cells

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________.

in bacterial cells

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized...

in the rough ER

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose and why is it the best choice?

light microscope, because the specimen is alive

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

manufacturing

Membrane phospholipids...

may have "kinks" in their tails, each caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

microtubule; muscle contraction

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the...

mitochondria

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but NOT prokaryotic cells?

mitochondria