Chapter 6-Skeletal Muscle Activity

good for a sprint

coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP

involves the simple transfer of a phosphate group

coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP

requires no oxygen

coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP anaerobic glycolysis

the three ways the muscle cells replenish their ATP supplies

coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP anaerobic glycolysis aerobic respiration

When a muscle is being stimulated is not able to respond because of "oxygen deficit" the condition is called

fatigue

when a weak but smooth muscle contraction is desired,_____ are stimulated at a rapid rate

few motor units

immobilizes the origin of the prime mover

fixator

postural muscles for the most part

fixator

________ is a continuous contraction that shows no evidence of relaxation

fixed tetanus

an _____ is contraction in which the muscle does not shorten, but tension in the middle keeps increasing

isometic contraction

an ________ is a contraction in which the muscle shortens and work is done

isotonic contraction

Which of the seven criteria is used to name this? external oblique

location of muscle relative to a bone or body region direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some Imaginary line

Which of the seven criteria is used to name this? rectus femoris

location of muscle relative to a bone or body region direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some Imaginary line

Which of the seven criteria is used to name this? transversus abdominis

location of muscle relative to a bone or body region direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some imaginary line

Which of the seven criteria is used to name this? gluteus maximus

location of the muscle relative to a bone or body region relative size of the muscle

to accomplish a strong contraction, ______ are stimulated at a rapid rate

many motor units

Number the sequence to describe contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle 1-7 ACh is released into the neuromuscular junction by the axonal terminal

1

Which of the seven criteria is used to name this? biceps femoris

number or origins location of muscle relative to a bone or body region

agonist

prime mover

Which of the seven criteria is used to name this? trapezius

shape of the muscle

performs the same movement as the prime mover

synergist

stabilizes a joint so that the prime mover can act at more distal joints

synergist

Winding up for a pitch can be called __1__. To keep your seat when riding a horse, the tendency is to __2__ your thighs

1. circumduction 2, adduct

Which of the seven criteria is used to name this? extensor carpi ulnaris

action of the muscle location of the muscle's origin and or insertion location of the muscle relative to a bone or body region

Which of the seven criteria is used to name this? abductor mangus

action of the muscle relative size of the muscle

produces carbon dioxide and water

aerobic respiration

the energy mechanism used in the second hour of running in a marathon

aerobic respiration

the slowest ATP yield per glucose molecule

aerobic respiration

supplies the highest ATP yield per glucose molecule

aerobic respitartion

accompanied by lactic and acid formation

anaerobic

used when the oxygen supply is inadequate over time

anaerobic glycolysis

reverses and or opposes the action of the prime mover

antagonist

In running, the action at the hip joint is __1__ in reference to the leg moving forward and __2__ in reference to the leg in the posterior position. When kicking a football, the action at the knee is __3__. In climbing stairs, the hip and knee of the forward leg are both __4__. You have just touched your chin to your chest, this is __5__ of the neck.

1. flexion 2. extension 3. extension 4. flexed 5. felxion

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a __1__. The axon of each motor neuron has numerous endings called a __2__. The actual gap between an axonal ending and the muscle cell is called a __3__. Within the axonal endings are many small vesicles containing a neurotransmitter substance called __4__. When the __5__ reaches the end of the axon, the neurotransmitter is released, and diffuses to the muscle membrane to combine with receptors there. Binding of the neurotransmitters with muscle membrane receptors cause the membrane to become permeable to sodium, resulting in the influx of sodium ions and __6__ of the membrane. Then contraction of the muscle cell occurs

1. motor unit 2. axonal terminals 3. synaptic cleft 4. acetylcholine 5. nerve impulse (action potential) 6. deopolarization

There is a greater concentration of Na+ __1__, and there is a greater concentration of K+ __2__. When the stimulus is delivered, the permeability of the membrane is changed, and __3__, initiating the depolarization of the membrane. Almost as soon as the depolarization wave begins, a repolarization wave flows across the membrane. This occurs as __4__. Repolarization restores the __5__ of the resting cell membrane. The __6__ is (are) reestablished by __7__.

1. outside the cell 2. inside the cell 3. Na+ diffuses into the cell 4. K+ diffuses out of the cell 5. Electrical impulses 6. Relative ionic concentrations on the 2 sides of the membrane during rest 7. Activation of the sodium-potassium pump, which moves K+ into the cell and Na+ out of the cell

Standing on your toes as in ballet is __1__ of the foot and walking on your heals is __2__

1. plantar flexion 2. dorsiflexion

Using a screw driver with a straight arm requires __1__ of the arm. Consider all the movements of which the arm is capable. One often used for strengthening all the upper arm and shoulder muscles __2__.

1. rotation 2. Circumduction

Moving the head to signify "no" is __1--. Action that moves the distal end of the radius across the ulna is __2__. Raising the arms laterally away from the body is called __3__ of the arms.

1. rotation 2.pronation 3. abduction

Number the sequence to describe contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle 1-7 ACh diffuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma

2

Number the sequence to describe contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle 1-7 Depolarization occurs, and the action potential is generated

3

Number the sequence to describe contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle 1-7 The action potential, carried deep into the cell, causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum is released calcium ions

4

Number the sequence to describe contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle 1-7 The calcium ions concentration at the myofilaments increases; the myofilaments slide past one another, and the cell shortens

5

Number the sequence to describe contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle 1-7 As calcium is actively reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, its concentration at the myofilament decreases

6

Number the sequence to describe contraction mechanism in a skeletal muscle 1-7 The muscle cell relaxes and lengthens

7