Chapter 6 Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue Quiz 1 of 2

An osteon (haversian system) is actually

A: A haversian canal (central canal) and its lamellae

Which of the following fractures goes all the way through a bone, but does not break into multiple pieces

A: Complete

Which of the following is classified as long bone

A: Femur

Passing through the periosteum of bones are arteries, veins, and

A: Nerves

When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following tears down bone

A: Osteoclasts

Which of the following diseases of bones is a loss of bone mass and density

A: Osteoporosis

In compact bone, the haversian canals (central canals) go the length of the bone. what are the connectors from one haversian canal to another

A: Volkmann canals (perforating canals)

Which of the following best describes the role of a lacuna in a bone

A: a cavity within a bone to house an osteocyte

The epiphyseal plate is the zone of

A: a new growth for endochondral ossification

A fontanel is

A: an unossified fibrous membrane

If blood calcium levels increase, which of the following hormones is released to take calcium from the blood and place in into the bones

A: calcitonin

Sharpey fibers, located on the periphery of a bone, are

A: collagen fibers from ligaments that attach to bone

The process of intramembranous ossification begins when

A: during embryonic development

Endochondral ossification begins at what age

A: during fetal development

The end of a long bone is referred to as the

A: epiphysis

The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is

A: fractures

Which of the following types of bone develops out of a non-cartilage connective tissue scaffold

A: intramembranous

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red"marrow. The function of this is to

A: manufacture blood cells

Bone cells that manufacture new bone are known as

A: osteoblasts

Osteoclast production is inhibited by _____, secreted by osteoblasts

A: osteoprotegrin

The bone formed by endochondral ossification is called ______ bone

A: replacement

Insufficient Vitamin D in a diet may result in a condition known as

A: rickets

Which of the following disorders is the result of low amounts of growth hormone production that results in a very small person

A: rickets

Osteoclasts are active cells that tear down bone. They do this by secreting _____ that dissolve the organic part of the bone matrix

B: acid and protein-digesting enzymes

The center of an osteon is known as a central canal (Haversian canal). What passes through the center of the canal

B: blood vessels and nerves

one of the functions of bone is "electrolyte balance". Which of the following best represents this role

B: bones store calcium and phosphorus and release them into the blood as needed

Most of the peripheral skeleton of a 7-month-old fetus is primarily

B: cartilage tissue

The growth zone of a long bone is referred to as the

B: epiphyseal plate

Woven bone is formed during which of the following situations

B: fetal development and after fractures

In the skull of a newborn baby, the space between the developing skull bones is known as a(n)

B: fontanel

Two of the primary hormones for bone growth and development are

B: human growth hormone and thyroid hormone

In children and adolescents, what is the epiphyseal plate composed of

B: hyaline cartilage

Which of the following fractures is often referred to as being a "greenstick" fracture

B: incomplete

If a 12 year old were to fracture their epiphyseal plate, the result of the damage could be that the bone

B: may stop growing at the plate

Osteoporosis most often occurs in

B: older women

Normal formation of bone is known as osteogenesis. Another term for bone formation is

B: ossification

Which of the following types of cells add calcium and phosphorus to bone as well as manufactures bone

B: osteoblast

The type of cells that brings about intramembranous ossification are

B: osteoblasts

A lack of vitamin D in the diet that may occur in adults with a digestive disorder is known as

B: osteomalacia

Which of the following glands plays a major role in calcium homeostasis

B: parathyroid

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of "bone remodeling"

B: removal of old bone by osteoclasts and making of new bone by osteoblasts

Which of the following bones is considered to be flat

B: sternum

The lattice of spongy bone consists of plates, rods and spines, called

B: trabeculae

Examples of bones that are "irregular" in shape are

B: vertebrae and some skull bones

Which of the following combinations of treatments would be the most appropriate for treatment of osteoporosis

B: walking, adding calcium to the diet and, perhaps, taking estrogen-replacement therapy

Osteochondral progenitor cells

C: Are stem cells that become osteoblasts

Since bone is a connective tissue, it has all the necessary features of a connective tissue including a matrix. What makes up the matrix of a bone

C: Collagen, proteins and hydroxyapatite

Endochondral ends at what age

C: adulthood

The term "calcium homeostasis" refers to which of the following

C: balance of a calcium between the blood and the bones

Spongy bone has spaces within it that are filled with _____

C: bone marrow and blood vessels

Compared to younger bones, older bones are more_____ due to a decrease in ______

C: brittle; collagen

An injury that occurs to vertebrae when they are flattened is known as a

C: compression fracture

Which of the following is connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity of a bone

C: endosteum

Most of the calcium taken in with the diet that is not absorbed is

C: excreted in the feces

Intramembranous ossification results in the formation of bones that belong to which class of bones

C: flat bones of the clavicle and skull

The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where chondrocytes mature and enlarge is the zone of

C: hypertrophy

The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where the bone grows longer is the zone of

C: hypotrophy

Cartilage grows by two mechanisms: interstitial growth and appositional growth. Which pair of terms best describes the two methods

C: internal and on the surface

If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone

C: it becomes soft and rubbery

The term "appositional growth" refers to bone growth that occurs

C: on the surface of cartilage, bone or older bone

In the process of bone remodeling, old bone is removed by

C: osteoclasts

Which of the following diseases is a bacterial infection of bone

C: osteomyelitis

If blood calcium levels decrease, which of the following hormones is released to take calcium out of the bones and put it into the blood

C: parathyroid hormone

Insufficient vitamin C in a diet may result in a condition known as

C: scurvy

Bone that has less bone matrix and more space than compact bone is _________ bone

C: spongy

What type of bone tissue surrounds a medullary cavity

C: spongy bone

Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of this is to

C: store adipose tissue

A spiral fracture of a bone most often is the result of bone

C: that has been twisted

Bones

D: All of the above

Following a bone fracture a callus builds around the fracture site. A callus is a

D: Collection of blood vessels and collagen at the fracture site

Which of the following is a genetic disorder in which very brittle bones are produced that result in many fractures

D: Osteogenesis imperfecta

The epiphyseal plate is located

D: between the diaphysis and epiphysis

The epiphyseal plate is divided into 4 zones. The region where the cartilage matrix is mineralized with calcium carbonate is the zone of

D: calcification

Spaces occupied by osteocyte cell processes are known as

D: canaliculi

Before the process of intramembranous ossification, which of the following type of tissue Is found in the associated membranes of the skull and clavicles

D: collagen fibers

Which of the following fractures refers to a fracture of a bone in multiple pieces?

D: comminuted

The shaft of a bone is known as the

D: diaphysis

Once a long bone has completed its ossification, the bone now has a ______ where the old epiphyseal plate existed

D: epiphyseal line

The inorganic portion of a bone structure, made primarily of calcium phosphate crystals is known as

D: hydroxyapatite

Lamellar bone is bone that

D: is mature and is organized into thin sheets or layers

In regard to bone cell development, which of the following sequences is correct

D: osteogenic--> osteoblasts--> osteocyte

A tissue that surrounds a long bone, made of a double layer of connective tissue, is referred to as the

D: periosteum