Chapter 6 US History
Second Bank of the United States
a national bank overseen by the federal government. Congress had established the bank in 1816, giving it a 20 year charter. The purpose of the bank was to regulate state banks, which had grown rapidly since the First Bank of the US went out of existence in 1811. Went out of existence during Jackson's presidency.
John Quincy Adams
(1767-1848) Son of President John Adams and the secretary of state to James Monroe, he largely formulated the Monroe Doctrine. He was the sixth president of the United States and later became a representative in Congress.
Summarize and assess the significance of key events that took place during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson
(1801-1805) and (1805-1809) Louisianna Purchase in 1803. In 1803 the 12th Amendment is approved by Congress and added to the Constitution in 1804. Lewis and Clark begin exploring the Lousianna Territory in 1804, returning in 1809. First secretary of state. Took up the cause of strict constructionists and the Republican Party, advocating limited federal government. Organized the national government by Thomas Jefferson Republican ideals, doubled the size of the nation, and struggled to maintain American neutrality.
Thomas Jefferson
(1801-1805) and (1805-1809) Louisianna Purchase in 1803. In 1803 the 12th Amendment is approved by Congress and added to the Constitution in 1804. Lewis and Clark begin exploring the Lousianna Territory in 1804, returning in 1809. First secretary of state. Took up the cause of strict constructionists and the Republican Party, advocating limited federal government. Organized the national government by Thomas Jefferson Republican ideals, doubled the size of the nation, and struggled to maintain American neutrality.
Corps of Discovery
(1804-1806) Team of adventurers, led by William Clark and Meriwether Lewis, who were sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. Louis and Clark brought back detailed accounts of the West's flora, fauna, and native populations and their voyage demonstrated the viability of overland travel to the west.
Rush-Bagot Agreement
(1817) Agreement between the U.S. and Britain (which controlled Canada at that time) for mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes. Later expanded to an unarmed U.S.-Canada border.
James Monroe
(1817-1821) and (1821-1825) The Missouri Compromise in 1821., the fifth President of the United States (1817-1825).His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas
Louisiana Purchase
1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
1804-1806 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast.
Embargo Act
1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. In reality, it hurt Americans and its economy and got repealed in 1809.
James Madison
1808 and 1812; Democratic-Republican; notable events include the War of 1812, let the charter of the First Bank of the United States expire, but realized it was difficult to finance a war without the bank, so he chartered the 2nd Bank of the United States
Non-Intercourse Act
1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2.
Adams-Onis Treaty
1819 treaty between the United States and Spain in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States
John Jay
1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, negotiated with British for Washington
Sacagawea
A Shoshone woman who translated words for Lewis and Clark during their expedition
Battle of New Orleans
A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.
Eerie Canal
A historic canal that connects the Hudson River at Albany in eastern New York with the Niagara River and the Great Lakes. It opened in 1825.
William Clark
A skilled mapmaker and outdoorsman chosen to explore the Louisiana Territory
War of 1812
A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.
Meriwether Lewis
Army captain appointed by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory and lands west to the Pacific Ocean
Nationalsim
Belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with or becoming attached to ones nation
Convention of 1818
Britain and the United States agreed to the 49th parallel as the northern boundary of the Louisiana Territory between Lake of the Woods and the Rocky Mountains. The two nations also agreed to joint occupation of the Oregon country for ten years.
Trace and explain the significance of events after the War of 1812 that led to the announcement of the Monroe Doctrine
Countries were making small settlements in the "U.S." technically not our territory, but then James Monroe said that any country doing this would be punished with consequences
Treaty of Ghent
December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.
American System
Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.
Fort McHenry
Fort in Baltimore Harbor unsuccessfully bombarded by the British in September 1814; Francis Scott Key, a witness to the battle, was moved to write the words to "The Star-Spangled Banner".
How was the impact of the War of 1812 on the early history of the United States?
It set the Canadian borders, and led to the Era of Good Feelings
Explain major provisions of the Monroe Doctrine and assess its immediate and long-term impact on U.S. foreign relations
Jefferson recommended to cooperate with Britain, but instead Monroe warned Europe to not interfere with the U.S.
To what extend did Jefferson's actions as president reflect his principles?
Jefferson's beliefs did not reflect his principles well, because he kept changing his beliefs to support certain causes, and his actions were reflected from that
Analyze consequences of territorial and westward expansion that followed the War of 1812
Lots of Native Americans died or were forced to live in reservations
Louisiana Territory
Napoleon Bonaparte sold this land to the United States for 15 million dollars in 1803; he gained money to finance operations in Europe
Assess the impact of the War of 1812 on the United States
New & ever-rising national deb new from Eastern and Southern Europe; resurgence of nativisim/resentment, democratic party takes better advantage of immigrants > political machines
How did American foreign affairs after the War of 1812 reveal changing attitudes about the United States?
People began to be more patriotic, and the Era of good feelings was born
Monroe Doctorine
President James Monroe's statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign nation to colonize would be considered an act of hostility
Andrew Jackson
President of the United States who signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830. He also refused to support the U.S. Supreme Court decision in the case of Worchester v. Georgia.
Dolly Madison
Presidents wife, she had to flee the White House before the British set it on fire; saved valuable papers including Washington's portrait, Saved the original copy of the Constitution & the Declaration of Independence.
Henry Clay
Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state
War Hawk
Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.
impressment
The British practice of taking American sailors from American ships and forcing them into the British navy; a factor in the War of 1812.
Explain underlying issues and trace events that led to the War of 1812
The British were conducting impressment on American ships and placing heavy regulations on French and American trade, they were also befriending the Native Americans which angered the U.S.
Describe provisions of the Louisiana Purchase and analyze its impact on the United States
The Louisiana Purchase had a major impact on the U.S. because many groups had different opinions such as farmers who supported it, and federalists who did not support it
Locate and describe the expansion of U.S. territory that followed the War of 1812
The Oregon gave the U.S. more land and in the Mexican-American war we gained more land.
National Road
The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West.
"The Star Spangled Banner"
The national anthem of the United States written by Francis Scott Key, inspired by the battle of Fort McHenry
Oregon Country
Under "joint occupation" by US & Britain; increased immigration & interest; missionaries failed to convert residing natives
Did the benefits of American expansion outweigh the costs?
Yes, because once America had gained all that land, it became a superpower
McCulloh vs. Maryland
an 1819 case that said states had no right to interfer with federal institutions within their borders
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
passed by the legislatures in these two states, these restrictions maintained that the Alien and Sedition acts championed through Congress by John Adams went beyond the powers that the Constitution stated belonged to the federal government. These resolves predated that later Southern argument that individual states could "nullify" federal laws deemed unconstitutional by the states
State's Rights Doctrine
said that since the states had formed the national government, state power should be greater than federal power
Gibbons vs. Ogden
supreme court decision that ruled that the constitution gave control of interstate commerce to the U.S. Congress, not the individual states through which a route passed.
Francis Scott Key
wrote the Star Spangled Banner