Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy

Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics? a) the need for an orientation toward service b) The rightness or wrongness of an action is independent of its consequences. c) the promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people d) the need to emphasize the relevance of clinical experience

the promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people

Nurses who value client advocacy follow what guideline? a) They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general. b) They value their loyalty to an employing institution or to a colleague over their commitment to their clients. c) They choose the claims of the client's well-being over the claims of the client's autonomy. d) They make decisions for clients who are uninformed concerning their rights and opportunities. Submit your answer

they give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general.

Which are examples of virtues that can exemplify character and conduct as a professional nurse? Select all that apply. a) Conflict b) Humility c) Trustworthiness d) Deception e) Compassion

• Humility • Trustworthiness • Compassion

When providing nursing care to clients, nurses are required to adhere to ethical values and legal rules to guide behavior. Which values would be included? Select all that apply. a) Privacy b) Safety c) Veracity d) Fidelity e) Confidentiality

• Veracity • Fidelity • Privacy • Confidentiality

A nurse arrives on the medical unit wearing large dangling earrings. This is an example of which type of conduct? a) Unprofessional b) Unethical c) Illegal d) Incompetent

A

In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which professional value? a) Integrity b) Altruism c) Social justice d) Human dignity

A

A nurse is reviewing The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses. Based on this code, the nurse would identify which responsibility as being fundamental? Select all that apply. a) Alleviating suffering b) Providing holistic care c) Restoring health d) Preventing illness e) Promoting health

A C D E

Which word is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights? a) Paternalism b) Ethics c) Advocacy d) Autonomy

Advocacy

Which of the following best describes feminist ethics? a) Attention directed to the specific situation of individual patients viewed within the context of their life narratives. b) The formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing. c) An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society. d) A combination of elements of utilitarian and deontologic theories that offers specific action guides for practice.

An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society.

The client is a 40-year-old man admitted s/p repair of a femoral fracture. He discloses that he has a history of an addiction to painkillers and asks that the nurse assist him in adhering to his recovery from this addiction by not administering any narcotics. As the nurse reviews postoperative orders for the client, the nurse notes that his physician has ordered Codeine 30 mg p.o. q6 hours for pain. How does the nurse best approach this situation? a) Offer the medication to the client; if he really doesn't want it, he will tell the nurse. b) Asks the physician to remove this order from the client's chart. c) Leave the order in the chart. d) Inform the next nurse that the client does not wish to receive narcotics.

Asks the physician to remove this order from the client's chart.

A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which of the following indicates that the nurse knows what the purpose of an ethics committee is? a) Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests. b) Decide the care for a client who is unable to voice their opinion. c) Convince the family to choose a specific course of action. d) Present options about the type of care.

Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests.

A client age 46 years has been diagnosed with cancer. He has met with the oncologist and is now weighing his options to undergo chemotherapy or radiation as his treatment. This client is utilizing which ethical principle in making his decision? a) Justice b) Confidentiality c) Beneficence d) Autonomy

Autonomy

A nurse who provides the information and support that clients and their families need to make the decision that is right for them is practicing what principle of bioethics? a) Justice b) Autonomy c) Fidelity d) Nonmaleficence

B

Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when she reflects on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions? a) Planning b) Evaluating c) Diagnosing d) Implementing

B

Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good? a) Nonmaleficence b) Beneficence c) Fidelity d) Veracity

Beneficence

A nurse fails to communicate a change in the client's condition to the physician. Which element related to proving malpractice has been met? a) Breach of duty b) Duty c) Proximate cause d) Damages

Breach of duty

A nurse may experience ethical distress in which client situation? a) ambulating a client who is postoperative from a hip replacement b) turning and positioning a client every hour c) continuing IV fluids for a client who wants to die d) administering pain medication as ordered

C

Which theory of ethics most highly prioritizes the nurse's relationship with clients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing? a) Utilitarianism b) Care-based ethics c) Deontology d) Principle-based ethics

Care-based ethics

Nurses have cited specific reasons for a decrease in the quality of nursing care. Select all that apply. a) Increase in acuity b) Working weekends c) Twelve hour shifts d) Decreased satisfaction e) Inadequate staffing

D E

A client is brought to the emergency department by her son, who states, "I am unable to care for my mother anymore." The nurses identifies this son's ethical problem as being which of the following? a) Uncertainty b) Dissatisfaction c) Dilemma d) Distress

Distress

A client is scheduled to have an elective surgical procedure performed and cannot decide if he wants to do it or not. He asks the nurse to help him make the decision because he does not feel that he knows enough about the procedure. Which of the following is the best way for this nurse to advocate for this client? a) Refuse to help the client and state that he must make the decision on his own. b) Refer the client to the social worker so that she can call in the people who need to help him make his decision. c) Facilitate the client's decision by allowing him to verbalize his feelings and by providing information to help him assess his options. d) Call the surgeon and have him explain the procedure again.

Facilitate the client's decision by allowing him to verbalize his feelings and by providing information to help him assess his options.

A female client is brought to the emergency room with matted hair, bruising, and malnutrition. The nurse suspects physical abuse and neglect. The nurse states, "this happens to many women." Which type of ethical approach is the nurse exhibiting? a) Moralizing b) Values clarification c) Paternalism d) Feminist

Feminist

A nursing student reports to the instructor that a medication due at 9 a.m. was omitted. Which of the following principles is the student demonstrating? a) Social justice b) Autonomy c) Integrity d) Altruism

Integrity

A nursing faculty is discussing laissez-faire values with students. Which of the following is an example of those values? a) Modeling healthy behaviors for teenagers b) Teaching children right from wrong c) Telling a child an injection will feel like a pinch d) Parents allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted

Parents allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing her judgments based on her expertise. Which of the following types of health care decision making does this represent? a) Shared decision making b) Paternalistic model c) Ethical decision making d) Patient sovereignty model

Shared decision making

A nurse is acting inappropriately and has an odor of alcohol. This behavior breaches which of the following? a) Beneficence b) Fidelity c) Ethical conduct d) Autonomy

c

What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters? a) Values b) Ethics c) Morals d) Bioethics

Values

An employee health nurse is assisting a stressed, working mother with value clarification. Which of the following best defines value clarification? a) an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct. b) a belief about the worth of something, about what matters, that acts as a standard to guide one's behavior. c) a systematic inquiry into principles of right and wrong conduct, of virtue and vice, and of good and evil, as they relate to conduct. d) a process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems

a process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems

Which of the following statements by the nurse is an example of deception? a) "This injection of Novocain will feel like a little pinch." b) "I will administer your pain medication as soon as it is due." c) "It is important to get out of bed to prevent pneumonia." d) "I am going to teach you how to give yourself insulin."

a) "This injection of Novocain will feel like a little pinch."

Which of the following nursing situations is an example of the care-based approach to ethics? Select all that apply. a) Holding the hand of a dying client b) Involving the parent in the bed bath of a child c) Providing a back rub to a client on bed rest d) Taking a week's vacation from work e) Documenting data in the electronic medical record

a) Holding the hand of a dying client b) Involving the parent in the bed bath of a child c) Providing a back rub to a client on bed rest

A nurse working on a critical care unit was informed by a client with multiple sclerosis that she did not wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. The client is no longer able to express her wishes, and the family has informed the physician that they want the client to be resuscitated. Aware of the client's wishes, the nurse is involved in a situation that may involve what? a) Confidentiality b) Ethical distress c) Deception d) Paternalism

b

The client is a 2-month-old infant extremely ill from HSV sepsis. Her mother and father have decided to stop additional medical intervention and allow the infant to pass away naturally. The mother does not want her relatives to know that they plan to stop pursuing aggressive medical treatment because it is against their family's religious beliefs to withdraw medical support. What does the nurse tell the client's mother? a) No, the nurse can keep details of her diagnosis from the family, but not the fact that she is dying. b) Yes, it is her decision who to inform about the family's medical decision. c) Yes, but the nurse encourages her to tell her family so that they can provide support. d) No, it is wrong to lie to people.

b) Yes, it is her decision who to inform about the family's medical decision.

A nurse is providing care for three clients on a medical unit, two of whom are significantly more acute than the third. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute client still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which of the following is the nurse attempting to enact? a) Nonmaleficence b) Beneficence c) Fidelity d) Justice

d

A nursing student is studying the principle of autonomy. Which example most accurately depicts this principle? a) transporting a client to a scheduled physical therapy appointment b) administering a morning dose of insulin before breakfast c) changing a dressing on a wound as needed d) describing surgery to a client before the consent is signed

describing surgery to a client before the consent is signed

Which actions by the nurse demonstrate the ethical principle of fidelity? Select all that apply. a) taking scheduled breaks on time b) taking an extra client assignment due to high acuity c) maintaining current nursing registration and meeting continuing education requirements d) performing an intervention for a client at the time that was promised e) calling in sick due to lack of sleep

maintaining current nursing registration and meeting continuing education requirements • performing an intervention for a client at the time that was promised • taking an extra client assignment due to high acuity

A nurse is driving on a back country road when a man flags the nurse down and yells that his wife is having a baby. As a registered nurse she is eager to help. The nurse recalls that she is covered under the Good Samaritan Law. This law states: a) that the nurse's license is protected if she acts in a reasonable manner given the circumstances. b) that the nurse is not allowed to help this couple and should instead call 911. c) that the nurse is required to assist this couple because of her medical knowledge. d) that the nurse's license is at risk and she would face criminal prosecution if an error was made.

that the nurse's license is protected if she acts in a reasonable manner given the circumstances.

Which nursing actions best describe the use of the professional value of human dignity? Select all that apply. a) A nurse refuses to discuss a client with a curious friend. b) A nurse reports an error made by an incompetent coworker. c) A nurse provides privacy for an older adult client. d) A nurse provides honest information to a client about his illness. e) A nurse plans individualized nursing care for her clients. f) A nurse plans nursing care together with the client.

A E C

A nurse completing admission paperwork asks the client about having an advanced directive. The client states, "I do not know, what is an advanced directive?" What is the nurse's best response? a) "It is a document created by you and your attorney naming a benificiary to handle your estate if you become terminally ill." b) "I will contanct the hospital social worker to come and discuss the development of an advance directive with you." c) "It is an agreement that authorizes the hospital to make decisions on your behalf, if you become incapacitated." d) "It is a written document that identifies a person's preferences regarding which medical interventions to use in the event of a terminal condition."

"It is a written document that identifies a person's preferences regarding which medical interventions to use in the event of a terminal condition."

A nurse on the oncology unit is caring for a client on hospice care. The client is weak and is resting. The client's daughter comes storming onto the unit and demands that the nurse do everything she can to treat her mother. This is an example of what type of values conflict? a) Health care conflict b) Individual conflict c) Ethical conflict d) Family conflict

Family conflict

An elderly client falls out of bed after a nurse inadvertently left the side rails down. The nurse feels guilty and is upset about the incident. This is an example of which of the following types of ethical situations? a) Dilemma b) Distress c) Accountability d) Moralizing

b

Which examples of nursing situations have a significant ethical component? Select all that apply. a) addressing a suspected breach in confidentiality b) deciding which continuing education offerings should be chosen c) helping a client make end-of-life decisions d) deciding when to stop cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a client in cardiac arrest e) deciding how to reassign staff in light of budget cuts

A C D E