Chapter 67: Care of Patients with Kidney Disorders
A patient ahs had one kidney removed as a treatment for kidney cancer. the patient spouse asks, "Does the good kidney take over immediately? I know a person can live with just one kidney." What is the nurse's best response? a. "The other kidney will provide adequate function, but this may take days or weeks" b "The other kidney alone isn't able to provide adequate function so supplemental therapies will be needed" c. "That's a good question. Remember to ask your doctor next time he or she comes in" d "It varies a lot, but within a few days we expect every to normalize"
a
A patient had a nephrostomy and a nephrostomy tube is in place. what is included in the postoperative care of this patient? a. Assess the amount of drainage in the collection bag b. Irrigate the tube to ensure patency c. Keep the patient NPO for 6 to 8 hours d. Review the results fo the clotting studies
a
A patient has come to the clinic for follow-up of acute pyelonephritis. Which action does the nurse reinforce to the patient? a. Complete all antibiotic regimens b. Report episode of nocturia c. Stop taking the antibiotic when pain is relieved d. Avoid taking any over-the-counter drugs
a
A patient is admitted for acute glomerulonephritis. In reviewing the patient's past medical history, which systemic conditions does the nurse suspect may have caused acute glomerulonephritis and will include in the overall plan of care? a. Systemic lupus erythematosus and diabetic nephropathy b. Myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation c. Ischemic stroke and hemiparesis d. Blunt trauma to the kidney with hematuria
a
A patient is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. which screening recommendation does the nurse give to the patient regarding the early detection of diabetic kidney disease? a. Urine should be tested annually for protein and microalbuminuria b. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine should test within 5 years c. Urine should be tested within 5 years for protein and microalbuminuria d. Urine should be tested annually for protein, glucose, and blood
a
A patient reports straining to pass very small amounts of urine today, despite a normal fluid intake, and reports having the urge to urinate. The nurse palpates the bladder and finds that it is distended. which condition is most likely to be associated with these findings? a. urethral stricture b. Hydroureter c. Hydronephrosis d. PKD
a
A patient with PKD has nocturia. What does the nurse encourage the patient to do? a. Drink at least 2 litres of fluid daily b. restrict fluid in the evening c. Drink 1000 mL early in the morning d. add a pinch of salt to water in the evenings
a
The nurse is caring for the patient with kidney cell carcinoma. What does the nurse expect to find documented about the patient initial assessment? a. Flank pain, gross hematuria, palpable kidney mass, and renal bruit b. Gross hematuria, hypertension, diabetes, and oliguria c. Dysuria, polyuria, dehydration, and palpable kidney mass d. Nocturia and urinary retention with difficulty starting stream
a
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. the serum albumin level is low. What else does the nurse expect to see? a. Proteinuria b. Elevate haematocrit c. High specific gravity d. Low white blood cell count
a
The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. The phosphorus level is 5.3 mg/dL. What else does the nurse expect to see? a. Serum calcium level below the normal range b. Serum potassium level below the normal range c. Falsely elevated serum sodium level d. Elevate serum levels for all other electrolytes
a
The off-going nurse is giving shift report to the oncoming nurse about the care of a patient who had a nephrostomy tube placed 3 days ago and it is to remain in place until the urinary obstruction is resolved. What is the most important point to clearly communicate about the urine drainage? a. "Urine is draining only into the collection bag, not the bladder; therefore the minimum expected drainage is 30 mL/hr" b. "For the first 24 hours postoperatively, the amount of urinary drainage was assessed every hour." c. "The surgeon placed ureteral tubes so all the urine may pass through the bladder or all of the urine might go directly into the collection bag" d "The nephrostomy site has not been leaking any blood or urine and you should continue to monitor the site for leakage"
a
Which data indicates that the patient with diabetes is achieving the goals of care to prevent the development of microalbuminuria and delay the progression to end-stage kidney disease? a. A1C <7%, BP is 125/75 mm Hg, LDL cholesterol is 90 mg/dL b. A1C >7%, BP is 140/80 mm Hg, LDL cholesterol is 200 mg/dL c. A1C <7%, BP is 130/80 mm Hg with proteinuria 2.0 g/24 hours d. A1C >7%, BP is 120/70 mm Hg, LDL cholesterol is 300 mg/dL
a
Which patient has the greatest risk of developing a kidney abscess? a. Patient is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis b. Patient has flank asymmetry related to hydronephrosis c. Patient developed a urinary tract infection secondary to a urinary catheter d. Patient is diagnosed with hypertension and nephrosclerosis
a
Why may a patient with PKD experience constipation? a. Polycystic kidneys enlarge and put pressure on the large intestine b. patient becomes dehydrated because the kidneys are dysfunctional c. Constipation is a side effect from the medication given to treat PKD d. Patients with PKD have special dietary restrictions that cause constipation
a
Which diagnostic tests and results does the nurse expect to see with acute glomerulonephritis? (SATA) a. Urinalysis revealing hematuria b. Urinalysis revealing proteinuria c. Microscopic red blood cell casts d. Serum albumin levels increased e. serum potassium decreased
abc
A patient is brought to the ED after being involved in a fight in which the patient was kicked and punched repeatedly in the back. What does the nurses include in the initial physical assessment? (SATA) a. Take complete vital signs b. Check apical and peripheral pulses c. Inspect both flanks for asymmetry or penetrating injuries fo the lower chest or back d. Inspect the abdomen for bruising or penetrating wound e. Deeply palpate the abdomen for signs of rigidity f. Inspect the urethra for gross bleeding
abcdf
The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a patient with PKD. Which topics does the nurse include? (SATA) a. Teach how to measure and record blood pressure b. Assist to develop a schedule for self-administering drugs c. Instruct to take and record weight twice a month d. Explain the potential side effects of the drugs e. Review high-protein, low-fat diet plan.
abd
What laboratory values would the nurse interpret for a patient experiencing problems with urinary elimination as a result of acute pyelonephritis? (SATA) a. Observe complete blood count for elevation of differentials b. Observe for elevation of BUN nd serum creatinine levels c. Observe for electrolyte imbalances, such as hypokalemia d. Observe arterial blood gases for alkalosis and respiratory compensation e. Observe urinalysis for baceria, leukocyte esterase, nitrate, or red blood cells
abe
The nurse is interviewing a patient with suspected PKD. What questions does the nurse ask the patient? (SATA) a. "Is there any family history of PKD or kidney disease?" b. "Do you have a history of sexually transmitted disease?" c. "Have you had any constipation or abdominal discomfort? d. "Have you noticed a change in urine color or frequency?" e. "Have you had any problems with headaches?" f. "Is there a family history of sudden death from a myocardial infarction?"
acde
Kidney tissue changes in chronic glomerulonephritis are caused by which factors? (SATA) a. Ischemia b. Fluid overload c. Hypertension d. Obstruction e. Infection
ace
A patient has chronic glomerulonephritis. In order to assess for uremic symptoms, what does the nurse do? a. Evaluate the BUN b. Ask the patient to extend the arms and hyperextend the wrists c. Gently palpate the flank for asymmetry and tenderness d. Auscultate for the presence of an S3 heart sound
b
A patient is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis. the patients spouse reports that the patient is irritable, forgetful, and has trouble concentrating. Which assessment finding does the nurse expect on further examination? a. Increased respiratory rate b. Elevated blood urea nitrogen c. High white count with a left shift d. Low blood pressure and bradycardia
b
A patient is diagnosed with kidney cancer and the health care provider recommends the best therapy. which treatment does the nurse anticipate teaching the patient about? a. Chemotherapy b. Surgical removal c. Hormonal therapy d. Radiation therapy
b
A patient with diabetic nephropathy reports having frequent hypoglycemic episodes "so my doctor reduced my insulin, which means my diabetes is improving." What is the nurse's best response? a. "Congratulations! You must be following the diet and lifestyle instructions very carefully" b. "When kidney function is reduced, the insulin is available for a longer time and thus less of it is needed" c. "You should probably talk to your doctor again. You have been diagnosed with nephropathy and that changes the situation" d "Let me get you a brochure about the relationship of diabetes and kidney disease. it is a complex topic and hard to understand"
b
After the nurse instructs a patient with PKD on home care, the patient knows to contact the health care provider immediately when what sign/symptoms occur? a. Urine is a clear, pale yellow color b. Weight has increased by 3 pounds in 2 days c. Two days have passed since the last bowel movement d. Morning systolic blood pressure has decreased by 5 mmHg.
b
In PKD, the effect on the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney has which result? a. adrenal insufficiency b. increased blood pressure c. increased urine output d. Oliguria
b
The nurse is assessing a patient with possible acute glomerulonephritis. During the inspection fo the hands, face, and eyelids, what is the nurse primarily observing for? a. Redness b. Edema c. Rashes d. Dryness
b
The nurse is caring for a postoperative nephrectomy patients. the nurse notes during the first several hours of the shift a marked and steady downward trend in blood pressure. how does the nurse interpret this finding? a. Hypertension has been corrected b. Internal hemorrhage is possible c. The other kidney is failing d. This is an expected response to medication
b
The nurse is reviewing the patient's history, assessment findings, and laboratory results for a patient with suspected kidney problems. which manifestation is the main feature of nephritic syndrome? a. Flank asymmetry b. Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g of protein in 24 hours c. Serum sodium 148 mmol/L d. Serum cholesterol (total) 190 mg/dL
b
The student nurse is assisting in the postoperative care of a patient who had a recent nephrectomy. The student demonstrates a reluctance to move the patient to change the linens because "the patient seems so tired." The nurse remind the student that a priority assessment for this patient is to assess for which factor? a skin breakdown on the patient back b. Blood on the linens beneath the patient c. Urinary incontinence and moisture d. The patient ability to move self in bed
b
Which patient history fact is considered causative for acute glomerulonephritis? a. Urinary incontinence 6 months ago b. Strep throat 3 weeks ago c. Kidney stones 2 years ago d. Mild hypertension diagnosed 1 year ago
b
the nurse is assessing a patient who reports chills, high fever, and flank pain with urinary urgency and frequency. On physical examination, the patient has costovertebral angle tenderness, pulse is 10 beats/min, and respirations are 28/min. How does the nurse interpret these findings? a. COmplcaited cystitis b. Acute pyelonephritis c. Chronic pyelonephritis d. Acute glomerulonephritis
b
the nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a patient being evaluated for trouble with passing urine. The urinalysis shows tubular epithelial cells on microscopic examination. How does the nurse interpret this finding? a. The obstruction is resolving b. The obstruction is prolonged. c. Glomerular filtration rate is reduced d. Glomerular filtration rate is adequate
b
A patient with PKD would exhibit which signs/symptoms? (SATA) a. Frequent urination b. Increased abdominal girth c. Hypertension d. Kidney stones e. diarrhea
bcd
The nurse is caring for patients with nephrotic syndrome. What interventions are included in the plan of care for this patient? (SATA) a. Fluid should be restricted b. Administer mid diuretics c. Assess for edema d. Administer antihypertensive medications e. Frequently assess the patient mental status
bcd
A patient has been informed by the health care provider that treatment will be needed for renal artery stenosis. The nurse prepares to teach about a variety of treatment options. What treatment swill the nurse include in the teaching plan? (SATA) a. Kidney transplant b. Hypertension control c. Balloon angioplasty d. Renal artery bypass surgery e. Synthetic blood vessel graft f. Percutaneous ultrasonic pyelolithotomy
bcde
What are the key features associated with chronic pyelonephritis? (SATA) a. Abscess formation b. Hypertension c. Inability to conserve sodium d. Decreased urine-concentrating ability, resulting in nocturia e. Tendency to develop hyperkalemia and acidosis
bcde
What might the nurse notice of the patient is experiencing problems with urinary elimination as a result of acute pyelonephritis? (SATA) a. Patient urinates large amounts of dilute urine b. Patient reports pain and burning on urination c. Patient reports back or flanks pain d. Urine is cloudy and foul smelling e. Urine may be darker or smoke or have obvious blood in it
bcde
The nurse is caring for a patient with kidney cell carcinoma who manifests paraneoplastic syndromes. What findings does the nurse expect to see in this patient? (SATA) a. Urinary tract infection b. Erythrocytosis c. Hypercalcemia d. Liver dysfunction e. Decrease sedimentation rate f. Hypertension
bcdf
A 22-year-old patient comes to the clinic for a wellness check-up. History reveals that the patient's parent ahs the autosomal-dominant form of PKD. Which vital sign suggests that the patient should be evaluated PKD? a. Pulse of 90 beats/min b. Temperature of 99.6F c. Blood pressure of 136/88 mm Hg d. Respiratory rate of 22/min
c
A patient has sustained a kidney injury. In order to assist the patient to undergo the best diagnostic test to determine the extent of injury, what does the nurse do? a. Obtain a clean-catch urine specimen for urinalysis b. Give an IV fluid bolus before renal arteriography c. Give an explanation of computed tomography d. Obtain a blood sample for hemoglobin and hematocrit
c
A patient is diagnosed with interstitial nephritis. Which nursing action is relevant and specific for this patient's medical condition? a. Avoid analgesic use b. Use disposable gloves c. Monitor for fever d. Place the patient in isolation
c
A patient is newly admitted with nephrotic syndrome and has proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. What is the priority for nursing care? a. Consult the dietitian to provide adequate nutritional intake. b. Prevent urinary tract infection c. Monitor fluid volume and the patient's hydration status. d. Prepare the patient for a renal biopsy
c
A patient returning to the unit after a left radical nephrectomy for kidney cell carcinoma reports having some soreness on the right side. What does the nurse tell the patient? a. "The right kidney was reported to take over the function of both kidneys" b. "I'll call your doctor for an order to increase your pain medication" c. "The soreness is likely to be from being positioned on your right side during surgery" d "Would you like to talk with someone who had this surgery last year and now is fully recovered"
c
A patient with PKD reports nocturia. What is the nocturia caused by? a. Increased fluid intake in the evening b. Increased hypertension c. Decreased urine-concentrating ability d. Detrusor irritability
c
A patient with a history of PKD reports dull, aching flank pain and the urinalysis is negative for infection. The health care provider tells the nurse that the pain is chronic and related to enlarging kidneys compressing abdominal contents. What nursing intervention is best for this patient? a. Administer trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) b. Apply cool compresses to the abdomen or flank c. Teach methods of relaxation such as deep-breathing d. Administer around-the-clock nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
c
A patient with chronic pyelonephritis returns to the clinic for follow-up. With behavior indicates the patient is meeting the expected outcomes to conserve existing kidney fucntion? a. drinks a liter of fluid every day b. Consider buying a home blood pressure cuff c. Reports taking antibiotics as prescribed d d. Takes pain medication on a regular basis
c
After a nephrectomy, a patient has a large urine output because of adrenal insufficiency. what does the nurse anticipate the priority intervention for this patient will be? a. ACE inhibitor to control the hypertension and decrease protein loss in urine b. Straight catheterization or bedside bladder scan to measure residual urine c. IV fluid replacement because of subsequent hypotension and oliguria d. IF infusion of temsirolimus (Torisel), to inhibit cell division
c
An older adult male patient calls the clinic because he has "not passed any urine all day long." What is the nurse's best response? a. "Try drinking several large glasses of water and waiting a few more hours." b. "If you develop flank pain or fever, then you should probably come in" c. "You could have an obstruction, so you should come in to check out" d. "I am sorry, but I Really can't comment about your problem over the phone"
c
The ED nurse is preparing a patient with kidney trauma for emergency surgery. What is the best task to delegate to the UAP? a. Set the automate blood pressure machine to cycle every 2 hours b. Inform the family about surgery and assist them to the surgery waiting area c. GO to the blood bank and pick up the units of packed red cells d Insert a urinary catheter if there is no gross bleeding at the urethra
c
The nurse is assessing a patient with glomerulonephritis and notes crackles in the lung fields and neck vein distention. The patient reports mild shortness of breath. Based on these findings, what does the nurse do next? a. Check for CVA tenderness or flank pain b. Obtain a urine sample to check for proteinuria c. Assess for additional signs of fluid overload d. Alert the health care provider about the respiratory symptoms
c
The nurse is caring for the patient after a nephrectomy. The nurse notes that the urine flow was 50 mL/hr at the beginning fo the shift, but several hours later has dropped to 30 mL. What would the nurse do first? a. Notify the health care provider for an order for an IV fluid bolus b. Document the finding and continue to monitor for downward trend c. Check the drainage system for kinks or obstructions to flow d. Obtain the patient's weight and compare it to baseline
c
Which description of the autosomal-dominant form of PKD is correct? a. 25% of patients with this form of PKD develop acute kidney failure by age 30 b. The dominant form is responsive to newer gene therapy treatment c. 50% of people with this form of PKD develop kidney disease by age 50 d. most people with this form of PKD die in young adulthood
c
Which description of the recessive form of PKD is correct? a. Prognosis is better for the recessive form compared to the dominant form b. 100% of people with this form of PVD develop kidney failure around age 50 c. Most people with this form of PKD die in early childhood d. The recessive form only manifests if other kidney problems occur
c
A patient diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma that has metastasized to the lungs is considered to be in which stage of cancer? a. I b. II c. III d. IV
d
A patient has a family history of the autosomal-dominant form of PKD and ahs therefore been advised to monitor for and report symptoms. What is an early symptom of PKD? a. Headache b. Pruritus c. Edema d. Nocturia
d
A patient is very ill and is admitted to the intensive care unit with rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis. the nurse monitors the patient for manifestations of which organ system failure? a. Immune system b. Cardiovascular system c. Neurologic system d. Renal system
d
A patient with acute glomerulonephritis has edema fo the face. the blood pressure is moderately elevated and the patient has gained 2 pounds within the past 24 hours. the patient reports fatigue and refuses to eat. what is the priority for nursing care? a. cluster care to allow rest periods for the patient b. obtain a dietary consult to plan an adequate nutritional diet c. monitor urine output with accurate intake and output amounts d. assess for signs and symptoms fo fluid volume overload
d
For a patient with acute glomerulonephritis, a 24-hour urine test was initiated nd the GFR results are pending. What are the clinical implications of the test results? a. GFR is normal; the therapy can be discontinued b. GFR is high; the patient is at risk for dehydration c. GFR is low; the patient is at risk for infection d. GFR is low; the patient is at risk for fluid overload
d
The health care provider tells the nurse that the patient with PKD has salt wasting. Which intervention is the nurse likely to sue related to nutrition therapy? a. talk to the patient about seasonings that are alternatives for salt b. help the patient select a lunch tray with low-sodium items c. Obtain an order for fluid restriction to prevent loss of sodium during urination d. Advise that a low sodium diet is not currently necessary
d
The nurse is caring for a patient who had a nephrectomy yesterday. To manage the patient's pain, what is the best plan for analgesia therapy? a. Limit narcotics because of respiratory depression b. Give an oral analgesic when the patient can eat c. Alternate parenteral and oral medications d. Give parenteral medications on a schedule
d
The nurse is taking a history on a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis. What is the patient most likely to report? a history of antibiotic allergy b. intense flank pain c. poor appetite and weight loss d. occasional edema and fatigue
d
What is the common problem of hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and urethral stricture in kidney function? a. Dilute urine b. Tubular cell damage c. Dehydration d. Obstruction
d
Which nursing intervention is applicable for a patient with acute glomerulonephritis? a. Restricting visitors who have infections b. assessing the incision site c. inspecting the vascular access d measuring weight daily
d
Which pain management strategy does the nurse teach a patient who has pain from infected kidney cysts of PKD? a. Take nothing by mouth b. Increase the dose of NSAIDs c. Assume a high-Fowlers position d. Apply dry heat to the abdomen or flank
d
A 53-year-old patient is newly diagnosed with renal artery stenosis. What clinical manifestation is the nurse most likely to observe when the patient first seeks health care? a. Sudden onset of hypertension b. Urinary frequency and dysuria c. Nausea and vomiting d. Flank pain and hematuria
a
A patient is diagnosed with hydronephrosis. What is a complication that could result from this condition? a. Damage to the nephrons b. Kidney cancer c. Kidney stone d. Structural defects
a
Which clinical manifestation in a patient with an obstruction in the urinary system is associated specifically with a hydronephrosis? a. Flank asymmetry b. Chills and fever c. Urge incontinence d. Decreased urine volume
a
A patient has late-stage chronic glomerulonephritis. Which educational brochure would be the most appropriate to prepare for the patient? a. "How to Take Yoru Antiinfective Medications" b. "Important Points to Know about Dialysis" c. "What Are the Side Effects of Radiation Therapy?" d. "Precautions to Take During Immunosuppressive Therapy"
b
After a nephrectomy, one adrenal gland remains. Based on this knowledge , which type of medication replacement therapy does the nurse expect if the remaining adrenal gland function is insufficient? a. Potassium b. Steroid c. Calcium d. Estrogen
b
The nurse is caring for a patient with a nephrostomy. the nurse notifies the health care provider about which assessment finding? a. Urine drainage is red-tinged 4 hours post-surgery b. The amount of drainage decreases and the patient has back pain c. There is a small steady drainage for the first 4 hours postsurgery. d. The nephrostomy site looks dry and intact
b
The health care provider advises the patient that diagnostic testing is needed to identify the possible presence of a renal abscess. Which test does the nurse prepare the patient for? a. Renal arteriography b. Cystourethrogram c. Radionuclide renal scan d. Urodynamic flow studies
c
Which patient has the greatest risk for developing chronic pyelonephritis? a. 80-year-old woman who takes diuretics for mild heart failure b. 80-year-old man who drinks four cans of beer per day c. 36-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus who is pregnant d. 36-year-old man with diabetes insdipidus
c
Which ethnic groups are most likely to develop end-stage kidney disease related to hypertension? (SATA) a. Caucasian American b. Asian American c. American Indians d. African Americans e. Hispanic American
cd
A patient with PKD usually experience constipation. What does the nurse recommend? a. Increased dietary fiber and increased fluids b. Decreased dietary fiber and laxatives c. Daily laxatives and increased exercise d. Tap-water enemas and fiber supplements
a
A patient with acute glomerulonephritis is required to provide a 24-hour urine specimen. What does the nurse expect to see when looking at the specimen? a. Smoke or cola-colored urine b. Clear and very dilute urine c. Urine that is full of pus and very thick d. Bright orange-colored urine
a
For the patient with PKD which antihypertensive medication may be used because it helps control the cell growth aspects of PKD and reduce microalbuminuria? a. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors b. Beta blockers c. Calcium channel blockers d. Vasodilators
a
The health care team is using a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to design a treatment plan for a patient with PKD. What is the top priority? a. Controlling hypertension b. Preventing rupture of cysts c. Providing genetic counseling d. Identifying community resources
a
The nurse is review ABG results of a patient with acute glomerulonephritis. the pH of the same is 7.35. As acidosis is likely to be present because of hydrogen ion retention and loss of bicarbonate, how does the nurse interpret this data? a. Normal pH with respiratory compensation b. Acidosis with failure of respiratory compensation c. Alkalosis with failure of metabolic compensation d. Normal pH with metabolic compensation
a
A patient with PKD reports sharp flank pain followed by blood in the urine. How does the nurse interpret these signs.symptoms? a. Infection b. Ruptured cyst c. Increased kidney size d. Ruptured renal artery aneurysm
b
Which factor/manifestation is primarily associated with acute pyelonephritis? a. Obstruction caused by hydroureter b. Active bacterial infection c. Decreased urine specific gravity d. Alcohol abuse
b
A patient is diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. What is the priority for nursing care for this patient? a. Providing information about the disease process b. Controlling hypertension c. Managing pain d. Preventing constipation
c
A patient is suspected of having PKD. Which diagnostic study has minimal risks and can reveal PKD? a. Kidney-ureters-bladder (KUB) x-ray b. Urography c. Renal sonography d. Renal angiography
c
A patient with PKD reports a severe headache and is at risk for a berry aneurysm. What is the nurse's priority action? a. Assess the pain and give a PRN pain medication b. Reassure the patient that this is an expected aspect of the disease c. Assess for neurologic changes and check vital signs d. Monitor for hematuria and decreased urinary output
c
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient with PKD. Which laboratory abnormality indicates glomeruli involvement? a. Low specific gravity of urine b. bacteria in urine c. proteinuria d. Hematuria
c
What change in diabetes therapy may be needed for a patient who has diabetic nephropathy? a. Fluid restriction b. Decreased activity level c. Decreased insulin dosages d. Increased caloric intake
c
An older adult male patient reports an acute problem with urine retention. The nurse advises the patient to seek medical attention because permanent kidney damage can occur in what time frame? a. IIn less than 6 hours b. in less than 48 hours c. Within several weeks d. Within several years
B