Chapter 7-8 test study guide
The southern migrants who moved along the coastal plain toward the Gulf of Mexico between 1790 and 1820 originated in which of the following areas? a. New England b. Upstate New York and central Pennsylvania c. The Chesapeake region d. North and South Carolina
D.
How did evangelical Christians spread religious revival during the Second Great Awakening? a. By holding large camp meetings b. By creating parochial schools c. By preaching the doctrine of original sin d. By using better-educated preachers
A.
Jefferson's administration demonstrated its disagreement with Hamilton's philosophy by a. ending the excise tax. b. reducing the protective tariff. c. abolishing the national bank. d. implementing the Embargo Act.
A.
On what basis did the U.S. government base its claim that the commonwealth system was consistent with republican ideology? a. State support for private businesses contributed to the overall public good. b. Regulating businesses was necessary to prevent economic cycles of boom and bust. c. Any private citizen with a good idea could obtain state support to implement that idea. d. The government supported slavery and could therefore support other private businesses.
A.
The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in which of the following regions of the Louisiana Purchase? a. All the lands north of latitude 36°30ʹ except for the state of Missouri b. All the lands south of latitude 36°30ʹ except for the state of Missouri c. Only in Missouri d. All of Louisiana
A.
The prophet Tenskwatawa was historically significant for which of the following activities? a. Tenskwatawa urged Indian peoples to work together and to shun the ways of Americans. b. Tenskwatawa led a coalition of Indians to resettle in Canada under British protection. c. He urged Native Americans to assimilate and adopt the superior technology of westerners. d. He signed a peace treaty with Indiana's governor to allow his people to live on a large reservation.
A.
The proposed 1819 Tallmadge Amendment articulated which of the following plans? a. The gradual emancipation of slaves in Missouri b. The right of each new state in the Union to decide on its own slavery laws c. A prohibition on the entry of new slave states into the Union d. Louisiana Territory slaves' recolonization in Africa
A.
What was the net effect of republican marriage patterns on the institution of marriage in early nineteenth-century America? a. Young wives could no longer rely on their parents for emotional or financial support and became more dependent on their husbands. b. Most marital unions ended in divorce. c. Husbands and wives shared responsibility for child-rearing decisions and for the management of property. d. Birthrates in northern seaboard states increased.
A.
Which of the following best characterizes the Native American response to whites' assimilation efforts in the Midwest in the late eighteenth century? a. Many Native Americans repudiated white missionaries and forced Christian converts to participate in native rituals. b. Most Indian women accepted white farming practices because they could produce a greater yield more easily. c. Nearly all Native Americans joined religions such as that of Handsome Lake, which blended Christian and native beliefs and rituals. d. Nearly all Native Americans accommodated to these campaigns to avoid future warfare with whites.
A.
Which of the following developments ended the debate over emancipation in the South in the early nineteenth century? a. Gabriel Prosser's slave uprising b. A backlash against Quaker condemnation of slavery c. The creation of black evangelical denominations d. The passage of the Tallmadge Amendment
A.
Which of the following events was the Federalists' response to the Republicans' criticism of their policies in the 1790s? a. The Alien and Sedition Acts b. The XYZ Affair c. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions d. War with France
A.
Which of the following was true of New Englanders' westward migration during the 1790s and 1800s? a. Much of the land in the areas where the settlers arrived had already fallen into the hands of politically well-connected speculators. b. New Englanders typically bought land in upstate New York from wealthy Dutch owners who were partitioning their vast estates. c. So many immigrants were eager to sell their new farms and move even farther west that the price of land dropped steadily. d. Farmers who had fled declining prospects in the East often found themselves at the top of a new economic hierarchy in the West.
A.
Who led the conservative Senecas, who condemned assimilation and demanded a return to ancestral customs? a. Chief Red Jacket b. Tenskwatawa, "The Prophet" c. Tecumseh d. Lalawethika
A.
American ministers such as Thomas Bernard argued in the early nineteenth century that women should exercise their power in society through a. voting, jury service, and running for political office. b. their influence on the male citizens of the coming generations. c. the tactics proposed by Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman. d. a commitment to engage in sexual activities only for the purpose of reproduction.
B.
As a result of the Embargo Act of 1807, the American economy a. suffered little damage because American merchants ordered their ships to trade only between neutral ports. b. fell into a slump and the American gross national product dropped by 5 percent. c. suffered little damage because northeastern merchants smuggled their goods out through Canada. d. suffered considerably less damage than did the economies of both France and Britain.
B.
In which of the following ways did evangelical religions in the South evolve during the first decades of the nineteenth century? a. After initially rejecting black converts, white Southern Methodists and Baptists began to welcome them into their churches. b. They began by preaching spiritual equality but gradually adopted a message that justified white patriarchal authority. c. These denominations were dominated by white men during the first years of the revival, but women gradually became a substantial majority. d. Evangelical Southerners initially embraced original sin but over time came to preach the message of universal salvation.
B.
Indians ceded much of Ohio and acknowledged American political sovereignty in which of the following treaties? a. Treaty of Paris b. Treaty of Greenville c. Jay Treaty d. Treaty of Ghent
B.
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which were set forth in 1798, supported which of the following positions? a. Repealing the neutrality laws of the 1790s b. States' right to judge the legitimacy of national laws c. The defeat of Hamilton's debt payment program d. The right of secession for states dissatisfied with the Union
B.
The Second Great Awakening deeply influenced American culture and society by a. reinforcing the Calvinist doctrine of predestination. b. promoting the ideas of human reason and free will. c. increasing respect for hierarchical authority in American churches. d. increasing the intellectual power of Protestant preaching.
B.
The critical disagreement that led to the emergence of political parties in the mid-1790s was based on which of the following issues? a. Jay's Treaty b. Hamilton's financial plan c. Interstate trade d. Slavery
B.
The increasing importance of women in the Protestant denominations in New England during the Second Great Awakening led to which of the following outcomes? a. Sexual promiscuity became more common among church members. b. Premarital sex among churchgoing youth decreased significantly. c. Churches began to ordain female ministers. d. Churches instituted gender-segregated prayer meetings.
B.
Which of the following describes the relationship between social status and wealth in seventeenth and eighteenth-century American history? a. It was difficult for Americans to advance up the social and economic ladder. b. Americans respected those who raised their status through talent and hard work. c. Americans both esteemed and envied those who benefitted from inherited social privilege. d. Wealthy American families wanted to marry their daughters to royalty for more status.
B.
Which of the following statements characterizes the American reaction to the French Revolution? a. Only American politicians welcomed the French Revolution and the creation of a more democratic republic in 1792. b. Many Americans praised the egalitarianism of the French republicans and began to address one another as "citizen." c. The majority of Americans ignored it, thankful that they were separated from European turmoil by the Atlantic Ocean. d. Strongly religious Americans praised the new French government because of its embrace of traditional Christianity.
B.
Which of the following statements describes transportation in the trans-Appalachian West in the early nineteenth century? a. Western canal and turnpike building depended heavily on federal government subsidies. b. Water transport was the quickest and cheapest way to get goods to market. c. New Orleans replaced Cincinnati and St. Louis as the major western transportation hub. d. Transportation improvements allowed western settlers to live as well as easterners.
B.
Which of the following was a result of the Second Great Awakening? a. Churches split into warring factions. b. Different denominations cooperated with one another. c. Americans turned their backs on the poor. d. The gulf between American politics and religion widened further.
B.
Which of these statesmen played a critical role in creating and passing the 1820 Missouri Compromise? a. Thomas Jefferson b. Henry Clay c. James Tallmadge d. Thomas W. Cobb
B.
Which region of the Union was known for its support of the declaration of war on England in 1812? a. New England states b. Western and southern states c. Maritime states d. Middle Atlantic states
B.
About how many African Americans were still living in slavery in the northern states in 1810? a. Only 300 b. About 3,000 c. Approximately 30,000 d. Around 130,000
C.
In the early republic, Benjamin Rush and other leaders argued that women should be educated so they could do which of the following? a. Vote and participating actively in American in public life b. Focus on their individual needs and develop economic independence c. Oversee the instruction of their sons in the principles of liberty and government d. Perform a more active role in advising and assisting their husbands' economic activities
C.
In which of the following ways did the growth of rural manufacturing affect New Englanders in the early eighteenth century? a. Farmers expanded their grain crops to provide food for nonfarmers. b. Newly available labor-saving devices decreased the number of hours needed for work. c. Farm families became more dependent on market forces beyond their control. d. Increasingly reliant on wages, most farm families' standard of living declined.
C.
Society's notion of women as republican wives and mothers was based on which of the following ideas about women? a. Women learned through doing and did not need formal education. b. Their virtue would civilize the business world. c. They were uniquely qualified to educate and nurture the spirit. d. Women were fundamentally tainted by the sins of Eve.
C.
The South's political clout, which ensured that the national government would continue to protect slavery, rested on which of the following? a. Its rapidly rising profits from manufacturing b. The North's indifference to the matter of slavery c. Its domination of the presidency and Senate d. A treaty with Great Britain ensuring that the slave trade would continue
C.
What was the Second Great Awakening that took place in the United States in the nineteenth century? a. A wave of educational reforms in the early republic inspired by Thomas Grimké b. The republican cultural and intellectual movement inspired by Thomas Jefferson c. A long-lasting religious revival that made the United States a genuinely religious society d. The nationalistic cultural backlash that demonstrated a rejection of English cultural supremacy
C.
Which of the following describes the publication Letters from an American Farmer? a. A series of American newspaper essays in the 1820s that demanded an extension of the right to vote to all adult white males b. Federalist-authored articles that protested the spread of political democracy in America in the early nineteenth century c. A book written by a French essayist in 1782 that praised American egalitarianism and condemned European aristocracy d. A book written by an anonymous Jeffersonian Democrat in 1815 that urged Americans to value "talents, integrity and virtue" over "wealth and titles."
C.
Which of the following objections to the system of state-sponsored mercantilism emerged in the United States by 1820? a. State mercantilism placed the good of rural outworkers before that of city merchants. b. The system took advantage of public corporations for private purposes. c. It violated the equal rights of citizens and lessened the power of government. d. Mercantilist policies levied high taxes on corporations, limiting economic growth.
C.
Which of the following phrases describes the federal judiciary at the time Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801? a. Understaffed and lacking direction b. Sympathetic to the Republican Party c. Packed with hostile Federalists d. Dominated by impartial judges
C.
Which of the following spurred the Panic of 1819 in the United States? a. Significant inflation of agricultural prices b. Excessive government spending on canal-building c. Reckless practices pursued by shady state-chartered banks d. Overly restrictive lending policies of the Second Bank of the United States
C.
Which of the following statements characterizes federal land price policies in the Northwest Territory during 1790-1820? a. The Federalist administrations dropped the minimum price per acre in order to encourage speculators to purchase larger tracts of land. b. Jeffersonian Republicans raised the price to $2 per acre and the minimum purchase requirement to 320 acres. c. Jeffersonian Republicans passed laws that made it easier for farm families to buy land. d. Jeffersonian Republicans doubled the price per acre to discourage speculators from buying up most of the federal land.
C.
Which of the following statements characterizes the relationship between church and state in post revolutionary America? a. Most citizens believed that government and politics should be completely free from the influence of religious beliefs. b. The Baptist Church led the campaign for state protection and funding of all Christian denominations. c. Most states continued to support churches indirectly by not taxing their property or ministers' incomes. d. By 1786, the Anglican Church of Virginia was the only example of an established church in any state.
C.
Why did Thomas Jefferson dispatch the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804? a. Jefferson hoped to establish an effective American claim to the Louisiana Territory. b. The president needed to lay the groundwork for establishing Indian schools in the region. c. He wanted a report on the physical features and the plant and animal life of the Louisiana Territory. d. He asked them to identify areas into which the Ohio and New York Indian tribes could be relocated.
C.
Why was Toussaint L'Ouverture a significant figure in the 1790s? a. L'Ouverture became the first president of the new French Republic. b. The leader negotiated with John Jay to create the terms of the Jay Treaty. c. He led black Haitians in their fight to seize control of Saint-Domingue. d. L'Ouverture solicited a loan and bribe from American diplomats in France.
C.
Why was the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 significant? a. The battle revealed that most American soldiers did not accept the peace treaty. b. It showed that American guerilla fighters could still defeat the British troops. c. It restored national pride and made Andrew Jackson an American hero. d. The battle persuaded British diplomats finally to sign the peace treaty.
C.
In which of the following actions did President James Madison contradict the traditional philosophy of Republicans? a. Endorsing and signing Henry Clay's Bonus Bill b. Cutting the federal budget significantly c. Approving the Judiciary Act of 1801 d. Supporting the creation of the Second Bank of the United States
D.
To win votes for his financial plan, Hamilton made which of the following concessions? a. Raising the price of western lands sold by the government to settlers b. Agreeing to support Jefferson in the 1796 presidential election c. Supporting a high tariff on foreign cotton d. Proposing that the nation's new capitol be built in the Upper South
D.
Washington's Secretary of War, Henry Knox, favored which of the following approaches to Native Americans? a. Extermination b. Relocation c. Appeasement d. Assimilation
D.
What was the immediate cause of the illegal duel in which Vice President Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in 1804? a. Hamilton's affair with Burr's wife b. Hamilton's decision to support Jefferson and oppose Burr in the 1800 election c. Burr's accusation that Hamilton was leading a Federalist secession plot d. Hamilton's accusation that Burr was aiding a plot to destroy the Union
D.
Which of the following describes Jefferson's approach to the opportunity to purchase Louisiana in 1802? a. In keeping with his strict constructionist view of the Constitution, Jefferson jumped on the opportunity. b. Jefferson delayed so that he could obtain a constitutional amendment allowing presidential land purchases. c. Unsure of the extent of his presidential powers, Jefferson procrastinated until Congress forced him to act. d. The opportunity led Jefferson to revise his view of the presidential powers granted by the Constitution.
D.
Which of the following statements describes actions the first congressional government undertook in 1789? a. The Judiciary Act of 1789 established thirteen district courts whose decisions would not be subject to review by the Supreme Court. b. George Washington asked Congress to abolish the departments of foreign affairs, finance, and war. c. The Judiciary Act of 1789 gave state courts jurisdiction over federal issues. d. George Washington established a cabinet--or body of advisors--and an administrative bureaucracy under the president's control.
D.
Which of the following took place after the Bank of the United States' charter expired in 1811? a. Congress chartered the Second Bank of the United States later that same year. b. Federalists urged the bank's dissolution on the grounds that it was unconstitutional. c. President James Madison began to invest his own funds in the Bank of the United States. d. It was not renewed, but a Second Bank of the United States was chartered five years later.
D.
Why did Thomas Jefferson call his election to the presidency the "Revolution of 1800"? a. He removed Federalists and installed all new government officials. b. There was no true majority, so the Supreme Court determined his victory. c. He subsequently filled the Supreme Court with Republican judges. d. The government changed peacefully despite bitter partisan conflict and foreign crisis.
D.