Chapter 7
For protein synthesis to initiate,
RNA polymerase must bind to a gene's promoter.
Which statement best describes the TATA box?
The TATA box is a regulatory element that is part of the promoter of most eukaryotic genes.
Which three factors are involved in eukaryotic gene regulation?
regulatory proteins, regulatory elements, and enhancers
Gene expression is regulated
to ensure that the correct proteins are made in the cells in which they are needed.
The two processes of protein synthesis are
transcription and translation.
Chromosomal alterations include deletions and
inversion mutations
Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Translation always begins with an UAG start codon. (2) The start codon establishes the reading frame of mRNA. (3) The mRNA molecule is read one codon at a time until a stop codon is reached.
2 and 3
How many possible codons exist in the genetic code?
64
If one strand of DNA is CAGGTTACG, the opposite strand is
GTCCAATGC
Who won the Nobel Prize for identifying the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick.
Which of the following statements are correct concerning mutations?
Mutations are essential for evolution to occur.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Splicing removes introns from mRNA.
A frameshift mutation
changes the reading frame of the base sequence.
Which of the following statements is correct? (Hint Starts with a T)
Translation occurs in a ribosome when the codons on the mRNA are "read."
Which of the following statements concerning the lac operon is correct?
When lactose is absent, a repressor protein binds to the operator.
The subunits of DNA are nucleotides consisting of
a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.
Germline mutations are potentially dangerous, as they
can be passed on to offspring.
Chargaff's rules state that
the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine.
Which of the following statements concerning DNA is correct? (1) DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes. (2) The shape of DNA is a double helix. (3) The central dogma of molecular biology states RNA → DNA → Protein.
1 and 2
Which of the following statements is correct? (1) Activators promote transcription by enhancing the interaction of RNA polymerase with the promoter. (2) Repressors promote transcription by enhancing the progress of RNA polymerase along the DNA strand. (3) Repressors prevent transcription by impeding the progress of RNA polymerase along the DNA strand. (4) Activators prevent transcription by impeding the interaction of RNA polymerase with the promoter.
1 and 3
Differences between DNA and RNA include which of the following? (1) RNA consists of one nucleotide chain. (2) RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil instead of thymine. (3) RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose.
1, 2, and 3
The order of experiments proving that DNA is the genetic material is
Griffith → Avery → Hershey and Chase.
Which of the following statements is correct?
Regulatory proteins bind to regulatory elements, which are located near promoters.
"The genetic code is universal." This statement means that
all known living things have the same genetic code.
Which of the following statements concerning mutations is correct?
all of these
Which of the following types of mutations can result in a genetic disorder?
all of these
Which of the following terms is most closely associated with a tRNA molecule?
anticodon
A missense mutation
codes for a different amino acid
Using a gene to make a protein is called
gene expression
Beneficial mutations
help organisms adapt to changes in their environment.
Gene regulation during development involves
homeobox genes.
The types of RNA include
messenger RNA
