chapter 7

The heritability of adult intelligence as measured by IQ tests is usually reported to be about .75, which means that ____.

75% of the variance in intelligence observed in the population can be attributed to genetics

Based on the Flynn Effect, which of the following would be the most accurate prediction about intelligence?

When Chris takes a test of intelligence and his grandson Abraham takes an equivalent test 50 years later, Abraham will have a higher score.

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: ________ and ________.

natural; artificial

Intellectual disability is a condition diagnosed in individuals with deficits in intellectual functioning beginning in childhood and ____.

poor adaptive behaviors

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Fluid intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it."

The word "Fluid" should be changed to the word "Crystallized."

Standard measures of intelligence (i.e., IQ tests) are positively correlated with thickness of the cerebral cortex.

True

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

hindsight bias

Selena's parents arrange for her to take part in an intelligence test for preschool admissions. Her individual intelligence is measured to be 125 relative to a statistically normal curve with an average of 100. This is her ____.

intelligence quotient

Socioeconomic status ____.

is positively correlated with IQ

John has just been assessed as having a mild intellectual disability. Part of this diagnosis was based on his IQ score, which must have been below which of the following thresholds?

70

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

All of the concepts are examples of mental set.

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

availability heuristic

The primary intention of an IQ test is to predict ____.

school performance

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

Marvin, who lives in San Francisco, has been asked to host a teenage alien, Regor, as part of an intergalactic exchange program. Marvin is sure that Regor would love to experience the adventure of sailing, but decides he should introduce the concept of a "sailboat" first. After some time studying, Regor has learned quite a bit about sailboats and is now excited about experiencing life on the water. So, Marvin and his dad take Regor sailing one weekend. Regor now has a set of beliefs, expectations, and personal experiences related to sailboats and sailing to which he can add new information. This is called a ____.

schema