chapter 7

Lakeisha and Kim have been studying for two hours for their chemistry exam. Both girls are tired of studying. Lakeisha decides to watch a two-hour movie on DVD, while Kim decides to go to bed. What would you predict about their performance on the chemistry exam?

Kim performs better because of encoding specificity. Lakeisha performs better because of encoding specificity. Kim performs better because of consolidation. Lakeisha performs better because of consolidation.

Which of the following involves procedural memory?

Knowing how an automobile engine works Knowing how it feels to be scared Recalling a childhood memory Reading a sentence in a book

Which of the following statements about short-term memory is FALSE?

Short-term memory stores an exact replica of sensory stimuli. Short-term memory has a relatively small capacity for information. Retention of information in short-term memory is brief. Short-term memory provides meaning to information.

Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect

disrupted long-term potentiation. temporary post-traumatic stress disorder. a failure of memory consolidation. Korsakoff's syndrome.

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to

ead to effective autobiographical memories. cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory. produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories. lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference.

Scene schema is

how attention is distributed throughout a static scene. short pauses of the eyes on points of interest in a scene. rapid movements of the eyes from one place to another in a scene. knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene.

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ___________ in long-term memory.

long-term potentiation retrieval cues elaborative rehearsal mass practice

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior. mental processes. attention. consciousness.

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for ______ memories.

recent remote anterograde emotional

Experimental evidence suggesting that the standard model of consolidation needs to be revised are data that show that the hippocampus was activated during retrieval of ___________ memories.

recent episodic remote semantic recent and remote semantic recent and remote episodic

Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage, which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of ___________ in forming reliable long-term memories.

reconsolidation imagery implicit memory organizational context

___________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

ued-recall Encoding specificity Amnesia Consolidation

Jenkins and Russell (1952) presented a list of words like "chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa" to participants. In a test, participants recalled the words in a different order than the order in which they were originally presented. This result occurred because of the

way objects like dishes and shoes are encoded visually. way the phonological loop reorganizes information based on sound during rehearsal. tendency of objects in the same category to become organized. effect of proactive interference.

Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that

when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed. memory consolidation does not occur when animals are afraid of a stimulus. memories are not susceptible to disruption once consolidation has occurred. fear conditioning is the most effective kind of conditioning for forming durable memories.