chapter 7

As originally written, the Constitution acknowledged and tacitly supported the institution of slavery. T/F

true

Fewer than one-tenth of 1 percent of the population attended college in the late eighteenth century. T/F

true

Only thirty-nine of the original fifty-five delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the document. T/F

true

Shays's Rebellion was inspired by a belief that the Massachusetts government was not doing enough to protect indebted farmers from losing their land. T/F

true

Which of the following was not a significant difference between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists during the ratification debates? A) Federalists appealed more to merchants, artisans, and commercially oriented landowners; Anti-Federalists appealed more to small farmers in areas remote from commercial markets. B) Federalists were overwhelmingly northern; Anti-Federalists were overwhelmingly southern. C) Federalists believed that the clash of diverse interests in a large republic would enhance American freedom; Anti-Federalists did not. D) Anti-Federalists saw centralized national authority as subversive of American freedom; Federalists did not.

B) Federalists were overwhelmingly northern; Anti-Federalists were overwhelmingly southern.

The eighty-five essays published by "Publius" and gathered into a book in 1788 was entitled:

The Federalist Papers.

Alexander Hamilton was an Anti-Federalist. T/F

false

By 1790, there were no slaves in New England. T/F

false

Movement of Americans westward slowed dramatically under the Articles of Confederation. T/F

false

The Bill of Rights offered Indians a vital source of protection against further intrusions upon their land. T/F

false

The Constitution imposed high property qualifications for voting. T/F

false

The Constitution of the United States was signed in 1776. T/F

false

The father of the Constitution was Thomas Jefferson. T/F

false

The founding fathers meant "We the People" to refer to all Americans. T/F

false

Thomas Jefferson was one of the authors of the Federalist Papers. T/F

false

Under the Articles of Confederation, national government consisted of a weak legislative branch and a strong judicial branch. T/F

false

Define "prohibited."

forbidden

The U.S. Constitution:

is a purely secular document that contains one reference to God and bars tests for federal officeholders.

In the context of answer D above, define "secular."

not pertaining to or connected with religion

One of the leading Federalist thinkers was:

James Madison

The "father of the Constitution" was:

James Madison

Which state was not eventually created from the region delimited by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

Kentucky

What state had the largest African-American population in 1790?

Virginia

The costliest loss of human life suffered by the U.S. Army in warfare against American Indians in American history—630 dead—occurred: A) in the Ohio Valley in an attack by the Miami Confederacy led by Little Turtle. B) at Little Big Horn, Montana, when General George Custer's troops were slaughtered. C) at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, when the Dakota Sioux attacked the U.S. Army forces under the command of James W. Forsyth. D) at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the culmination of the fight between Indians and American troops for control of the Old Northwest Territories.

A) in the Ohio Valley in an attack by the Miami Confederacy led by Little Turtle.

Which was not a characteristic of the Articles of Confederation? A) Amending the articles required unanimity of all the states. B) Each state had two votes in the upper chamber, and votes in the lower chamber were proportionately distributed by population. C) The national government could not levy taxes or regulate commerce. D) The national government could conduct wars and make treaties.

B) Each state had two votes in the upper chamber, and votes in the lower chamber were proportionately distributed by population.

The plan at the Constitutional Convention that proposed creation of a bicameral legislature with representation in each house determined by each state's population was the:

Virginia Plan

In James Madison's view in The Federalist, the nation's large size both geographically and in terms of its population was:

a source of stability.

Initially—and until the Fourteenth Amendment (1868)—the rights guaranteed to American citizens in the Bill of Rights:

applied only to the federal government and its laws, not to the states.

The U.S. Constitution provides that the president is to be elected:

by an electoral college

The final plan of the U.S. Constitution called for a two-house Congress consisting of a House of Representatives with its members apportioned according to population and a Senate in which each state was represented by two members. T/F

true

The first written Constitution of the United States was the Articles of Confederation. T/F

true

Twelve of the first sixteen presidents owned slaves. T/F

true

Today, the U.S. House of Representatives has 435 members, but initially it had:

65 members

Which of the following was not a key principle embedded in the Bill of Rights? A) free public education B) freedom of speech, press, and assembly C) religious freedom D) protection of natural rights from government infringement

A) free public education

Which of the following was not an element of western policy under the Articles of Confederation? A) the appropriation of large portions of Indian land B) procedures for the naturalization of Indians as American citizens C) guidelines for the incorporation of western territories as states D) a ban on the introduction of slavery in the Old Northwest

B) procedures for the naturalization of Indians as American citizens

Who, out of the following, helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris of 1783?

Benjamin Franklin

Which of the following was not a concern voiced by the nationalists over the state of the republic under the Articles of Confederation? A) Economic policy was far too decentralized and uncoordinated under the present structure. B) State governments were failing to protect individual property rights from the whims of popular opinion. C) Freedom of speech was imperiled under the current system. D) Social unrest and disorder were threatening the republic.

C) Freedom of speech was imperiled under the current system.

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? A) British recognition of American independence; Shays's Rebellion; ratification of Articles of Confederation B) Ratification of Bill of Rights; congressional act reserving attainment of citizenship for "free white persons"; publication of The Federalist C) Shays's Rebellion; Philadelphia Convention; ratification of Constitution; Treaty of Greenville; American defeat of Miami Confederacy; prohibition of slavery in Old Northwest

C) Shays's Rebellion; Philadelphia Convention; ratification of Constitution; Treaty of Greenville; American defeat of Miami Confederacy; prohibition of slavery in Old Northwest

Which was not an attribute of the new nation? A) a youthful population B) literacy among white citizens C) the federal government made the laws and states enforced them D) broad distribution of property ownership

C) the federal government made the laws and states enforced them

Which of the following was not a feature of the new federal Constitution? A) Unlike members of the House of Representatives, U.S. senators were not to be chosen directly by the people. B) While states retained legislative powers, national legislation was now the "supreme law of the land." C) A system of "checks and balances" was included to ensure that no branch of the federal government—executive, legislative, or judicial—could amass excessive power. D) Congress was empowered to abolish slavery in the United States—but not before 1808.

D) Congress was empowered to abolish slavery in the United States—but not before 1808.

Which is not true of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution? A) Together they are called the Bill of Rights. B) They prohibit Congress from making laws with regard to religion or infringing on freedom of speech. C) They declare that rights not specifically mentioned in the Constitution are "retained by the people." D) They assert that presidents are to make declarations of war.

D) They assert that presidents are to make declarations of war.

Which is not true of Anti-Federalists? A) They opposed the Constitution because it lacked a Bill of Rights. B) Many were state politicians who feared that their power would diminish with the creation of a strong central government. C) They were often small backcountry farmers. D) They were often financiers and others in cities and nearby rural areas.

D) They were often financiers and others in cities and nearby rural areas.

Which two states voted against ratification?

Rhode Island and North Carolina

Who wrote, "The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants"?

Thomas Jefferson

What state had the largest free black population in 1790?

Virginia

What state had the largest slave population in 1790?

Virginia

Shays's Rebellion in late 1786 and early 1787 was a rebellion of:

debt-ridden farmers who closed the courts in western Massachusetts.

Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had the power to:

declare war

Under the rule of the U.S. Constitution, which remains in the hands of the states?

education

In James Madison's view in The Federalist, the "first object of government" is:

protection of property rights.

The 1787 Northwest Ordinance prohibited:

slavery

Federalism refers to:

the relationship between state and national governments.

After the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, twelve Native American communities ceded most of their land from Ohio and Indiana to the federal government. T/F

true

By the time of the Declaration of Independence, the United States had already become larger than Great Britain, Spain, and France combined. T/F

true

During the ratification debates of 1787-88, the Federalists were more effectively mobilized than the Anti-Federalists. T/F

true

In his will, Tadeusz Kosciuszko left funds for Thomas Jefferson to purchase and free slaves, but the founding father never used the money to do so. T/F

true

In the era of the Revolution, free blacks in most states had the right to vote. T/F

true

More than half of the fifty-five men at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 had attended college. T/F

true

The 1790 Naturalization Act barred non-white foreigners from attaining American citizenship. T/F

true

The Bill of Rights was a concession offered by the Federalists to overcome widespread fears of a despotic national government. T/F

true