Chapter 7

20. For many years, archaeologists puzzled over the method used to create the flute or channel on Folsom points, a Paleo-Indian tool of North America. Based on textual observations and experimentation, it was determined that the flute was created by a) the block-on-block technique b) pressure flaking using a small, pointed tool c) an antler billet d) pressure flaking using a T-shaped crutch, placed against the chest e) an unknown process

pressure flaking using a T-shaped crutch, placed against the chest

14. The intentional use and control of fire by humans is known as a) pyrotechnology b) pyromania c) metallurgy d) smelting e) pyroxia

pyrotechnology

11. _________, or conjoining, is the attempt to put stone tools, flakes, and cores back together again, providing information on the stages in producing the tools and reconstructing the process of the knapper's craft. a) Refitting b) Annealing c) Filigree d) Microwear analysis e) Alloying

refitting

A massive amount of information about how commodities were traded in the Mediterranean around 1300 BCE came from the site of Uluburun which is a a) barrow cemetery b) location mentioned in the Iliad c) volcano in the Andes d) shipwreck e) site preserved in volcanic ash

shipwreck

From about 3.3 million years ago until 20,000 BCE at the earliest, the archaeological record is dominated by artifacts made out of a) bone b) ceramic c) stone d) metal e) plant remains

stone

15. All of the following are examples of synthetic materials except a) pottery b) glass bottles c) iron weapons d) bronze shields e) stone hand-axes

stone hand-axes

13. Inclusions in the clay used to make pottery that act as a filler, creating strength and counteracting cracking and shrinkage during firing, are known as a) slag b) temper c) microliths d) faience e) debitage

temper

10. The technique of stone tool manufacture that involved knapping a core in such a way that large flakes could be removed and shaped into tools is called a) the Oldowan industry b) refitting c) cold hammering d) the Champollion technique e) the Levallois technique

the Levallois technique

__________ did not exist anywhere in the New World until after European contact a) The potter's wheel b) Agriculture c) Weaving d) Writing e) Corn

the potter's wheel

23. In describing mechanisms of exchange, "direct access" is used to describe situations where a) the consumer is able to buy whatever they want b) goods are bought from independent middlemen c) trading is done through emissaries who represent a state d) the user goes to the source material without the intervention of an exchange mechanism e) none of the above

the user goes to the source material without the intervention of an exchange mechanism

16. When a thin-section of an object is prepared for study, it is made thin enough to ______________ so that specific minerals can be seen in it through the use of a light microscope a) transmit light b) fold and bend c) block light d) allow water to pass through it e) none of the above

transmit light

25. _____________ were a significant development in pyrotechnology during the Neolithic in the Near East around 8000 BCE a) Furnaces for iron smelting b) Furnaces for bronze smelting c) Ovens for bread baking d) Ovens for making faience e) none of the above

Ovens for bread baking

19. Isotopic analysis of lead is not only used on objects made of pure lead, but on artifacts made out of ___________ as well a) copper b) glass c) bronze d) silver e) all of the above

all of the above

21. Observing the wear patterns on ancient stone tools is an aspect of microwear analysis; experimental archaeology provides added information on the specific activities the tools might have been used for by a) using modern copies of stone tools in a variety of specific tasks b) studying the traces of polish on modern copies of tools after use c) creating categories of tool use according to wear patterns created on modern copies d) all of the above e) none of the above

all of the above

30. A distribution map a) is the most natural and obvious way to plot distribution b) can be used to find important centers of consumption c) may not always be the best way to study distribution in a given situation d) all of the above e) none of the above

all of the above

Analytical methods for characterization are varied. For pottery, a reliable technique for determining the source is a) heavy mineral analysis b) studies of temper or exclusions c) thin section analysis d) all of the above e) none of the above

all of the above

The technique of mixing two or more metals to create a new material, such as copper and tin to make bronze, is known as a) ascribing b) annealing c) bifurcating d) conjoining e) alloying

alloying

18. The alloying of copper with tin produces a) gold b) bronze c) silver d) aluminum e) iron

bronze

27. All of the following are examples of unaltered materials except a) stone b) wood c) antler d) copper e) plant and animal fibers

copper

12. The primary goal of characterization is to a) reveal information about the character of the person who made it b) mimic how objects were used in the past c) assign objects to standard categories so they can be stored properly d) discover the source of the material an object is made out of e) all of the above

discover the source of the material an object is made out of

22. The study of traded goods is an important part of the investigation of a) exchange b) our hominin ancestors c) the development of agriculture d) long-term climate change e) none of the above

exchange

24. The idea that the quality of materials tends to decline as the distance from the source of those materials increases is the basic tenant behind a) The Wheeler box grid b) thin-section analysis c) emissary trading d) geomorphology e) fall-off analysis

fall-off analysis

We tend to forget that different societies value different goods. For example, while the Conquistadors valued the gold of the New World, the Aztec valued __________ more highly than metal a) iron b) cattle c) wheat beer d) chariots e) feathers

feathers

Most stone tools are made by removing _________ from a __________ a) cores from a flake b) megaliths from a quarry c) flakes from a core d) hand-axes from a chopper e) choppers from a hand-axe

flake from a core

28. Non-ferrous metal is metal that does not contain a) iron b) gold c) lead d) copper e) zinc

iron

9. ____________, which dominated the human toolkit around 10,000 years ago, are tiny stone tools that were probably used as barbs on composite implements a) Eoliths b) Microliths c) Cores d) Phytoliths e) Otoliths

microliths

Study of the patterns of wear or damage on the edges of stone tools that can provide useful information on a particular tool's function is known as a) refitting b) microwear analysis c) scanning electron analysis d) plating e) none of the above

microwear analysis

26. The introduction of pottery generally seems to coincide with the adoption of a more sedentary way of life. Paleolithic people may not have created pottery because a) they were not really very smart b) mobile hunter-gatherers would not want to carry heavy fired clay containers around c) clay sources were difficult to find during the Paleolithic because they were often buried under glaciers and ice d) mobile hunter-gatherers were generally too busy hunting to make pottery e) none of the above

mobile hunter-gatherers would not want to carry heavy fired clay containers around

17. Volcanic glass which is used to make chipped stone tools is a particularly good material to perform trace-element analysis on. Another word for Volcanic glass is a) temper b) petroglyph c) obsidian d) mineral glass e) none of the above

obsidian

29. The materials that most cultures consider to be valuable a) are made out of gold b) meet a basic human need like food or shelter c) often have no use at all beyond display d) are the ones that are most abundant in their territory e) none of the above

often have no use at all beyond display