Chapter 7 Biology: Cellular Respiration

A simplified overall equation for respiration is as follows: C6H12O6 + 6O2 →6CO2+ 6H2O + energy In this reaction, we can say that _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized.

oxygen; glucose

Which process produces the highest number of reduced electron carriers and thus the greatest potential for generating ATP?

the citric acid cycle

What product of the pyruvate oxidation stage of cellular respiration will have the two electrons that are lost from pyruvate?

NADH

The immediate source of electrons for the electron transport chain is:

NADH and FADH2

cellular respiration

glucose is oxidized to CO2 and oxygen is reduced to water

The storage carbohydrate in animals is ___________ and in plants is __________.

glycogen; starch

The breakdown of fatty acids takes place by a process called:

beta-oxidation

How did the earliest organisms on Earth most likely produce ATP?

by glycolysis

Which of the following is a net product of glycolysis?

2 pyruvate molecules

Tracing the metabolism of one glucose molecule, how many carbon atoms are fully oxidized to CO2 at the completion of aerobic respiration?

6

We consume a variety of carbohydrates that are digested into a variety of different monosaccharides. How do these different sugars enter glycolysis?

Different sugars can be modified to form different intermediates of glycolysis.

Lactic acid and ethanol fermentation differ in that:

Ethanol fermentation produces CO2 as a byproduct, but lactic acid fermentation does not.

ATP is not generated directly in the citric acid cycle. Instead, an intermediate is first generated by substrate-level phosphorylation. The intermediate is:

GTP

Lactic acid occurs in....

animals and bacteria

The glycolysis stage is responsible for producing most of the ATP during cellular respiration.

false

Which of the following is most likely to have been the first metabolic pathway or structure to evolve? (For earliest organisms)

fermentation

Pyruvate oxidation is an important stage in cellular respiration because:

it links glycolysis with the citric acid cycle.

During the citric acid cycle, the production of CO2 is the result of the _____ of intermediate compounds of the citric acid cycle coupled to the production of _____.

oxidation; NADH

Which stages of cellular respiration use O2 as an input?

oxidative phosphorylation

Glucose is stored in plants as _____ and in animals as _____.

starch; glycogen

Which of the following summarizes the net final products of glycolysis?

two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH