Chapter 7

Which of the following exemplifies a loaded question?

"How likely are you to buy imported mobile phones that are assembled by exploited children?"

Match the following scales (in the left column) with their definitions (in the right column). 1. single-item scale 2. mulitple-item scale

1. It is a scale format that collects data about only one attribute of an object or construct. 2. It is a scale format that simultaneously collects data on several attributes of an object or construct

Match the types of scales (in the left column) with their definitions (in the right column) 1. non comparative rating scale 2. comparative rating scale

1. It is a scale format that requires a judgment without reference to another object, person, or concept 2. It is a scale format that requires a judgment contrasting one object, person, or concept against another on the scale.

Match the measures of central tendency (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column). 1. mean 2. median 3. mode

1. It is the arithmetic average of all the information responses 2. It is the sample statistic that splits the information so that half the data are above the statistic value and half are below. 3. matches Choice It is the most frequently occurring value given among all of the responses.

Match the types of scales (in the left column) with the scenarios (in the right column). 1. noncomparative rating scale 2. comparative rating scale

1. Paul, a researcher, asks his subjects how much they like a particular restaurant on a scale of 1 to 10. 2. Pam, a researcher, asks her subjects how much they like RestEatDrive over other restaurants in town

Match the types of scales (in the left column) with the reasons they should be used (in the right column). 1. foreced-choice scale 2. free-choice scale

1. Researchers believe that mental attitudes almost always have a degree of a positive or negative orientation. 2. Respondents are provided with an easy way to express their feelings

Match the categorical types of information (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column). 1. state of being info 2. state of mind info 3. state of behavior info

1. Researchers can use external sources to verify the data. 2. The accuracy and quality of this type of information are limited to the degree of honesty of the individual providing the responses to the questions. 3. Researchers have various methods available for capturing this type of information

Match the tasks of the measurement process (in the left column) with their goals (in the right column). 1. Construct selection 2. Scale measurement

1. to accurately identify and define what is to be measured 2. To determine how to accurately measure each construct

Drag and drop the definitions against the corresponding categorical types of information. 1. state of being info 2. state of mind info 3. state of behavior info 4. state of intention info

1.Verifiable responses or information representing the physical and/or demographic or socioeconomic characteristics of individuals, objects, or organizations 2. Responses or information representing a person's cognitive thinking, mental attributes, or emotional feelings about an object that are not directly observable or available through external sources 3.Responses or information that represents an individual's, object's, or organization's observable current actions/reactions or recorded past actions/reactions 4. Responses or information that represent an individual's or organization's expressed likelihood of undertaking specified future behavioral actions/reactions

Angelo, a researcher, asks the following question in his rating scale that measures employee satisfaction: How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your current employer's promotion criteria and pension plans? 1. Very Happy 2. Happy 3. Unhappy 4. Very Unhappy Which of the following misleading scaling formats is exemplified in this scenario?

A double-barreled question

Which of the following includes two or more different attributes or issues in the same question, but the scale points allow respondents to comment on only a single issue?

A double-barreled question

Which of the following scales is designed to allow a "true natural zero" or "true state of nothing" response as a valid response to a question?

A ratio scale

In the context of measurement scales, which of the following best exemplifies a construct?

Brand loyalty

Identify the true statements about a nominal scale. (Check all that apply.)

It does not allow researchers to rank a set of responses. It only allows researchers to classify responses into mutually exclusive subsets that do not have distances between them.

Identify the definition of a loaded question.

It is a situation where the question suggests a socially desirable answer or involves an emotionally charged issue.

An ordinal scale format that asks respondents to indicate the degree to which they agree or disagree with a series of mental belief or behavioral belief statements about a given object is called a(n)

Likert scale

Li, a researcher, is trying to collect data regarding adolescent behavior in schools using a questionnaire. The scale points in the measurement instrument are as follows: 5, Strongly Disagree; 4, Disagree; 3, Neither Agree Nor Disagree; 2, Agree; 1, Strongly Agree. In this scenario, Li is using a ______.

Likert scale

______ ______ ______ ______ locate the center of a distribution of responses and are basic summary statistics.

Measures of central tendency

Which of the following assesses whether a scale measures what it is supposed to measure?

Scale validity

Karen, a researcher, administers a test on a particular 15-member family once every fifteen days for two months. She chooses this technique of measurement to make sure the results are reliable. Identify the method used by Karen.

The test-retest reliability technique

Which of the following techniques involves reiterating the scale measurement with either one sample of respondents at two different times or two different samples of respondents from one specific target population under as nearly the same conditions as possible?

The test-retest reliability technique

Identify the features of unbalanced scales that differentiate them from balanced scales. (Check all that apply.)

They often introduce bias in the research project. They have a larger number of response choices on one side, either positive or negative.

Validity is a measure of ______ in measurement.

accuracy

A special type of rating scale designed to capture the likelihood that people will demonstrate some type of predictable behavior intent toward purchasing an object or service in a future time frame is called a ______.

behavioral intention scale

Sharon, a researcher, is using a rating scale to collect data for her study on the likelihood of consumers visiting particular restaurants. The rating scale assesses the likelihood of consumers visiting EatnShop, VictoryDine, GentleFoods, and Hog and Blog. The scale points are as follows: Would definitely eat here; Would probably eat here; Would probably not eat here; Would definitely not eat here. In this scenario, Sharon is using a ______.

behavioral intention scale

A hypothetical variable made up of a set of component responses or behaviors that are thought to be related is called a(n)

construct

The scale's ability to differentiate between categorical scale responses, or points, is called its

discriminatory power

True or false: The more scale points researchers use, the lesser the discriminatory power of the scale and the lesser the variability in the collected data.

false

A difference between balanced and unbalanced scales is that balanced scales ______.

have an equal number of positive and negative response options

A scale that demonstrates absolute differences between each scale point, but does not allow researchers to make absolute comparisons between responses, is called a(n) ______.

interval scale

To measure consumer responses, CellMan Inc., a mobile phone company, asks its users to rate its products' features on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is "Strongly disliked this feature" and 5 is "Absolutely loved this feature." CellMan Inc. is using ______ to measure consumer responses.

interval scales

A question that introduces bias and often influences the way a respondent answers a question is called a ______.

leading question

Marlene, a researcher, asks the following question to consumers: Most technology reviewers believe that CellCall is the best product on the market. Do you agree? 1. Agree 2. Neutral 3. Disagree In this scenario, this question is a ______.

leading question

Reliability is a ______.

measure of a measurement's consistency

The process of developing methods to systematically characterize or quantify information about constructs, concepts, or objects is called

measurement

The process of developing methods to systematically characterize or quantify information about constructs, concepts, or objects is called _______.

measurement

In comparison to single-item scales, multiple-item scales are generally ______.

more reliable and valid

A(n)_______ ________ is the most basic and least powerful scale design in which the questions require respondents to provide only some type of descriptor as the raw response.

nominal scale

A scale that allows a respondent to express relative magnitude between the answers to a question and arranges responses in a hierarchical pattern, but does not allow researchers to determine absolute difference between responses, is called a(n) ______.

ordinal scale

A scale that allows a researcher to identify the absolute differences between each scale point and also to make comparisons between the responses is called a(n) ______.

ratio scale

The process of assigning descriptors to represent the range of possible responses to a question about a particular object or construct is called

scale measurement

Scale measurement assigns designated degrees of intensity to responses in a given questioning or observation method. The degrees of intensity are commonly known as ______.

scale points

The extent to which a scale can reproduce the same or similar measurement results in repeated trials is called ______.

scale reliability

A unique bipolar ordinal scale format that captures a person's attitudes or feelings about a given object is called a ______.

semantic differential scale

George, a researcher, is using a rating scale to collect data on the qualities of teachers at a college. The scale points are as follows: Personality traits: Punctual ______ Never on time Friendly ______ Hostile Careful _______Careless Subject matter expertise: Knowledgeable ______ Ignorant Skilled ______ Unskilled Qualified ______ Unqualified In this scenario, George is using a ______.

semantic differential scale

True or false: Absolute difference between rankings cannot be determined using ordinal scales.

true