Chapter 7

intranet An intranet is a network within an organization that uses Internet protocols and technologies

(e.g., TCP/IP, which includes File Transfer Protocol [FTP], SMTP, and others) for collecting, storing, and disseminating useful information that supports business activities, such as sales, customer service, human resources, and marketing

Uniform resource locators (URLs) also called universal resource locators

, identify a Web page. A URL is the address of a document or site on the Internet.

gigapop

A gigapop is a local connection point-of-presence that connects a variety of high-performance networks, and its main function is the exchange of I2 traffic with a specified bandwidth.

wiki

A wiki is a type of Web site that allows users to add, delete, and sometimes modify content. Social networking refers to a broad class of Web sites and services that allows users to connect with friends, family, and colleagues online as well as meet people with similar interests or hobbies. RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds are a fast, easy way to distribute Web content in Extensible Markup Language (XML) format. It is a subscription service, and new content from Web sites you have selected is delivered via a feed reader to one convenient spot.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the language used to create Web pages.

It defines a page's layout and appearance by using tags and attributes. A tag delineates a section of the page, such as the header or body; an attribute specifies a value, such as a font color, for a page component.

Internet backbone

The Internet backbone is a foundation network linked with fiber-optic cables that can support very high bandwidth. It is made up of many interconnected government, academic, commercial, and other high-capacity data routers.

Internet

The Internet is a worldwide collection of millions of computers and networks of all sizes. It is a network of networks.

Internet of Everything (IoE)

The Internet of Everything (IoE) refers to a Web-based development in which people, processes, data, and things are interconnected via the Internet using various means, such as RFID devices, barcodes, wireless systems (using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi), and QR codes.

Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the physical objects that are connected to the Internet and, therefore, to all the other physical objects.

hypertext

The embedded references in hypermedia documents are called hypertext; they consist of links users can click to follow a particular thread (topic).

Newsgroups

are typically more general in nature and can cover any topic; they allow people to get together for fun or for business purposes.

Navigational tools

are used to travel from Web site to Web site—as in "surf" the Internet.

Discussion groups

are usually for exchanging opinions and ideas on a specific topic, usually of a technical or scholarly nature. Group members post messages or articles that others in the group can read.

hypermedia With hypermedia, documents

include embedded references to audio, text, images, video, and other documents.

Directories are indexes of

information based on keywords embedded in documents, which make it possible for search engines to find what you are looking for.

Internet2 (I2)

is a collaborative effort involving more than 200 U.S. universities and corporations to develop advanced Internet technologies and applications for higher education and academic research.

extranet An extranet

is a secure network that uses the Internet and Web technologies to connect intranets of business partners so communication between organizations or between consumers is possible.

search engine A search engine, such as Google or Ask,

is an information system that enables users to retrieve data from the Web by using search terms.

Domain Name System (DNS) When information

is transferred from one network to another, domain names are converted to IP addresses by the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol. Servers using this protocol (called DNS servers) maintain lists of computers' and Web sites' addresses and their associated IP addresses.

Web 2.0

refers to the trend toward Web applications that are more interactive than traditional Web applications. Collaboration or e-collaboration is one of its key components. blog A blog (short for Weblog) is a journal or newsletter that is updated frequently and intended for the general public. Blogs reflect their authors' personalities and often include philosophical reflections and opinions on social or political issues.