Chapter 7-Energy Balance and Weight Control

Identify the components of energy output not involving basal metabolism.

1. absorption of nutrients 2. physical activity 3. digestion of nutrients

Consumer education about weight loss products leads to...

1. avoidance of money wasted 2. avoidance of health complications 3. consultation with appropriate health professionals

For many people who have lost weight, maintenance of weight loss is the hardest part. Name one of the "3 Ms" that assist efforts at maintenance

Motivation

Which of the following is a surgical method of inducing weight loss that involves reducing the stomach capacity and bypassing part of the small intestine?

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Over time, weight loss that results from a calorie-restricted diet can lead to...basal metabolic rate.

decreased

The public, private, and non-profit organizations are currently working together to find a solution to the public health crisis of..., now considered an epidemic in the United States.

obesity

A recently-approved weight-loss medication, lorcaserin hydrochloride, assists weight loss by

suppressing appetite

Positive energy balance is normal and healthy during:

1. childhood 2. pregnancy 3. infancy

The health problems associated with being underweight include...

1. complications with surgery 2. loss of menstrual function 3. low bone mass 4. pregnancy complications 5. slow recovery after illness

Possible outcomes of bariatric surgery include:

1. less likelihood of overeating 2. reduced blood pressure 3. elimination of type 2 diabetes

Identify characteristics of an unreliable weight-loss program:

1. recommends expensive supplements 2. advertised as cure-alls 3. no attempt to change old habits

Identify characteristics of a reliable weight-loss program:

1. recommends physical activity 2. scientific evidence supports program 3. recommends lifestyle change

Which factors contribute to weight gain during adulthood?

1. slower metabolism 2. limited physical activity 3. excess food intake

How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism?

15-35%

BMI of healthy weight

18.5-24.9

If Carlos consumes more calories than he expends, his net energy balance will be...

positive

Recognizing high-risk situations and planning ways to cope with occasional setbacks throughout a weight management program will help to prevent...

relapse

"Yo-yo" dieting refers to...

repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight regain

Treatment for overweight and obesity should be:

1. a lifestyle change 2. long term

Upper-body obesity is diagnosed in males when the waist circumference exceeds... inches.

40

BMI of obesity

Greater or equal to 30

The conventional "3500-kcal rule" was based on the amount of energy stored in one pound of...

fat

Obesity caused by nature would be...and obesity caused by nurture would be due to ... factors.

genetic, environmental

As lean muscle mass increases as a result of physical activity, metabolic rate...

increases

Surgical removal of fat tissue is termed...

lipectomy

Who is more prone to upper-body obesity?

men

There are fewer opportunities to expend calories because of the increased prevalence of...

technology

The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called...

underwater weighing

A BMI of 18.1 is classified as...

underweight

Which component of energy expenditure encompasses fidgeting and shivering?

adaptive thermogenesis

The amount and location of ... in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.

adipose tissue

Which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day?

1. basal metabolism 2. thermic effect of food 3. physical activity

Select the most logical approaches to weight loss

1. change problematic eating behaviors 2. increase physical activity 3. reduce calorie intake

The components of the weight-loss triad include:

1. controlling caloric intake 2. controlling problem behaviors 3. performing regular physical activity

The components of a sound weight-loss program include

1. controlling calorie intake 2. increasing physical activity

Factors leading to female adulthood obesity include...

1. excess weight gain during pregnancy 2. childhood obesity 3. periods of stress and boredom

Which of the following trigger adaptive thermogenesis?

1. fidgeting 2. shivering 3. maintenance of posture

The benefits of physical activity include:

1. helping with weight loss 2. helping maintain lower body weight 3. helping a person stay physically fit 4. boosting self esteem

Which of the following are influences of nurture on body weight?

1. high-calorie diet 2. stress 3. inactivity

Weight-related diseases that would indicate a need to lose weight include:

1. hypertension 2. obesity 3. high blood glucose

Which of the following are strategies that could help a person control hunger between meals?

1. include lean protein in meals and snacks. 2. eat meals and snacks more slowly 3. consume foods high in fiber and water

A weight loss regimen on the internet claims that 10 minutes of physical activity each day is all you need to lose weight. A more successful plan would...

1. incorporate 60 to 90 minutes of physical activity 2. include behavior modification strategies 3. include dietary strategies to reduce energy intake

Identify the health risks that are caused by fat storage in abdominal adipose cells.

1. increases blood vessel restriction 2. increases inflammation 3. increases insulin resistance

The reasons why unreliable diets are problematic include:

1. limited food selection 2. loss of lean tissue 3. unchanged habits

The health problems associated with excess body fat include:

1. liver damage 2. surgical risks. 3. bone and joint disorders

Identify the factors that decrease basal metabolism.

1. low calorie intake 2. loss of lean tissue 3. dieting

Which of the following are characteristics of unreliable weight-loss programs?

1. promotes quick weight loss 2. lacks scientific support 3. recommends the use of expensive supplements

Order the nutrients below in decreasing order of the energy needed for the thermic effect of foods.

1. protein 2. carbohydrates 3. fat

To achieve and maintain a health body weight, the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend a minimum of...

150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity

Which of the following is an important concept to have when keeping a weight goal in perspective?

A healthy, sustainable rate of weight loss is 1 to 2 pounds per week

...is an over-the-counter version of orlistat, a weight-loss medication that blocks the digestion of fat in the small intestine.

Alli

Having a high basal metabolic rate is a possible cause for...

BMI less than 18.5

Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation?

Energy input=energy output

Select the measures that signal a re-evaluation of diet and lifestyle is in order.

an increase of 2 inches or more in waist circumference and gaining more than 10 pounds

Upper-body obesity resembles the shape of an...

apple

The terms such as chain-breaking, stimulus control, cognitive restructuring, and self-monitoring are components of...modification.

behavior

The Set Point Theory often refers to the close regulation of...

body weight

Measures the heat given off by a food as it is burned...

bomb calorimeter

The specialized form of tissue that produces large amounts of heat by metabolizing energy-yielding nutrients without synthesizing much useful energy for the body is known as:

brown adipose tissue

If height, weight, and physical activity level are held constant, energy requirements ... as an adult ages.

decrease

All of the factors below increase basal metabolism except:

dieting

The need for women to have a higher body fat when compared to men is to maintain...

estrogen production and reproductive functions

Direct calorimetry measures the amount of body...released by a person.

heat

Which of the following are ways that nurture, rather than nature, may promote obesity?

high-fat diets and physical activity

The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the low-fat, ... approach.

high-fiber

What part of the body closely monitors and regulates body fat?

hypothalamus

Orlistat partially blocks fat digestion and subsequent absorption. Name the fat-digesting enzyme that is inhibited by orlistat.

lipase

Much of the initial weight loss seen with low-carbohydrate diets is due to....

loss of body water

A behavioral strategy that involves becoming aware of and enjoying the entire eating experience-from the origins of the food to the effects it has on the body-is called

mindful eating

Three key components of a sound weight-loss program are control of calorie intake, increased physical activity, and behavior...

modification

In order to lose weight, it is necessary to be in...energy balance.

negative

When energy input is less than energy output, the person is in ... energy balance.

negative

Men with 24% body fat and women over 37% body fat are considered...

obese

When energy input is greater than energy output, the person is in...energy balance.

positive

Which of the following is the best indication of an effective weight-loss aid?

research reviewed in a scientific journal

The...metabolic rate is calculated instead of a basal metabolic rate if the individual has not fasted or rested for 12 hours.

resting

The use of a pedometer to monitor activity enables the achievement of the recommended goal of 10,000 ... per day.

steps

The energy used for the digestion, absorption, and processing of food is called the....

thermic effect of food

A person who needs fewer calories and stores fat more readily than the average human may have inherited....metabolism.

thrifty

Lean body mass is the most important factor that increases...metabolism.

basal

...is commonly used in the clinical setting to assess weight status because it is inexpensive, non-invasive, and closely related to body fat content.

BMI

BMI of overweight

Between 25 and 29.9

BMI of underweight

Less than 18

Lower-body obesity is named after this type of fruit due to its shape.

Pear

The energy needs of the body are met by

food intake

What is not a reliable treatment for obesity

using diet pills