Chapter 7 food insecurity and hunger

Triple Burden of Malnutrition

many countries now facing this; undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies on the one hand, and overweight and obesity on the other

Thrifty Food Plan is updated

monthly

Despite the fact that there are 40,000 food banks in the United States, there is still widespread hunger and food insecurity. Why is this?

policy change needed

Summer Food Service Program

provides meals to children during summer months

Globally, which groups are most susceptible to hunger?

women and children

Food sovereignty

****right of peoples, communities, and countries to define their own agricultural, labor, fishing, food, and land policies that are ecologically, socially, economically, and culturally appropriate to their unique circumstances

What are the four components of food insecurity?

1. lack of stability (worry) 2. good quality food (real variety) 3. food shortage (children not eating) 4. lack of control over food situation (stealing)

Poverty line:

3 x the cost of the thrifty food plan

National School Lunch and Breakfast

Free or reduced price meals at schools

Recognize the health, psychosocial, and academic consequences of food insecurity and hunger for global and U.S. children and adults.

Health Poor overall health status and compromised ability to resist illness Elevated occurrence of health problems such as stomachaches, headaches, colds, ear infections and fatigue Greater incidence of hospitalizations 2. Learning and Academic Impaired cognitive functioning and diminished capacity to learn Lower test scores and poorer overall school achievement Repeating a grade in school Increased school absences, tardiness, and school suspension 3. Psychological and behavioral Higher levels of aggression, hyperactivity, and anxiety Difficulty getting along with other children Increased need for mental health services Depressed mood, suicidal thoughts and intention

Senior Nutrition Program (Home congregate)

Helps increase the nutrient intake of older individuals who might not eat adequately - through better nutrition, assists them to remain healthy and independent in their communities.

How does the U.S. compare to other developed countries with regard to food insecurity?

Many developed countries (similar to U.S.) have been more successful with policies at reducing poverty and food insecurity

Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC)

Nutrition education and food packages to pregnant and nursing women, and kids to 5y Mom and kid package: juice, milk, breakfast cereal, cheese, eggs, F&V, whole wheat bread, legumes, peanut butter, fish (breastfeeding moms) Infant package: formula (if not breastfeeding), baby cereal, F&V, and meats (if breastfeeding)

Poverty line (and SNAP benefits) determined by:

Thrifty Food Plan

Food apartheid

a term coined by food justice advocates to describe the stark inequalities in food environments by race that arise from public and corporate policies more grocery stores in white neighborhood

Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)

a welfare program of block grants to states that encourages recipients to work in exchange for time-limited benefits

kwashiokor List the symptoms/features and causes of

acute protein deficiency energy sufficient with protein deficiency usually: relying of staples with inadequate protein as % of calorie -children on insufficient formula or sugar water they have second kid and stop breastfeeding them infections enlarged liver, swollen belly

What are the four components of food security? ********

availability, access, utilization, stability

Downstream solutions

charity to address individual and food based problems. ex: soup kitchen

marasmus List the symptoms/features and causes of

chronic protein-calorie malnutrition extreme food and energy deficiency extreme loss of muscle and fat characterists

What is the most common cause of death among malnourished children?

diarrhea

Emergency Food Assistance

downstream food banks, shelters, soup kitchens, and community kitchens

How big is the problem of food insecurity and hunger in the U.S.? Who is affected?

families with children.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

federal Targeted monthly benefit to households for purchase of wide variety of food items at authorized retailers. -children. improves health, test scores and development of children economic activity for the community.

Describe how food insecurity and hunger are measured in the U.S.

food insecurity: the minited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or limited ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways hunger: the recurrent and involuntary lack of access to food. food intake has been reduced to an extent that it implies that family members havre repeatedly experienced the physical sensation of hunger very low food security= hunger

very low food security=

hunger

Upstream solutions for hunger

justice to address societal harms and provide basic human rights. social and economic process ex: policy, SNAP fixing the broken bridge instead of saving the drowners

Define the Thrifty Food Plan, state what it is used for, how often it is updated, and how it is used to determine the poverty line.

least costly nutritious diet for family, determined by US department of Agriculture, updated monthly, meets 100%!! of RDA's

Thrifty Food Plan

least costly nutritious diet for family, determined by US department of Agriculture, updated monthly, meets 100%!! of RDA's

After viewing the video about the Minnesota Semi-Starvation Study, describe the study including purpose, subjects, results (list symptoms of semi-starvation), what happened to the subjects eating patterns and weight during refeeding and when the study was over, and whether supplements and extra protein important for rehabilitation.

purpose: people recovering from WWII symptoms: fine for the first couple weeks. bad posture, low energy, cold, irritable and intolerant loss of interest in women not enjoying movies they mostly noticed psychological changes mental ability did not change significantly, will to make effort was low what happened to the subjects eating patterns and weight during refeeding and when the study was over not normal weight after 3 months rehabilitation 3 years need way more calories after starvation. depression and apathy changed more then body weight supplements not necessary

List reasons why poverty, hunger and food insecurity exist in the U.S.

underemployment, min wage, everything else more expensive, racism google: Poverty, unemployment, or low income. Lack of affordable housing. Chronic health conditions or lack of access to healthcare. Systemic racism and racial discrimination.