Chapter 7 quiz

The concept "McDonaldization" of society refers to?

McDonald's organizational principles moving to dominate all of society

An example of a secondary group is?

a Microsoft Corporation awards banquet

What is the correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students?"

a category

An example of a primary group is?

a family that has gathered to celebrate a religious holiday

Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships as?

a primary group

What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?

a social group

In your group, the leader is skilled at using humor to reduce tension and lighten serious moments. Which type of leader foes your group have?

an expressive leader

You are part of a task force with a group leader who has a distant relationship with the group members and who is concerned with getting the job done. Which type of leader does your task force have?

an instrumental leader

Robert Michels referred to the rule of many by the few as?

an oligarchy

Which type of leadership style takes charge of making decisions and makes sure people do what they are told?

authoritarian leadership

Evidence of the process called the "McDonaldization" of society includes?

bank tellers being replaced with automatic teller machines (ATMs)

A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a?

crowd

Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?

democratic leader

The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves in order to keep going is called bureaucratic?

inertia

The text speaks of "opposing trends" in today's world of formal organizations because?

some organizations have evolved toward flatter, more flexible norms, but others remain rigid organizations patterned by McDonald's

U.S. business organizations differ from those a century ago because?

today's organizations use more competitive work teams

According to the findings of Solomon Asch,?

many people are willing to compromise their own judgement to avoid being seen as different by others

During the last fifty years, Japanese formal organizations have differed from those in the United States by being?

more collective in their orientation

Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. As he saw it, what is the danger?

organizations create alienation

Stanley Milligram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed?

people are surprisingly likely to follow the orders of not only real authority figures but also groups of ordinary individuals

One of the traits Max Weber noted about bureaucracy was that is?

provides workers with highly specialized jobs

Assume you are one of many people assembled at a university graduation ceremony. The term that best describes this gathering is?

secondary group