Chapter 7 QUIZ

Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve?

sample size

A(an) ________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts

schema

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

spatial

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that leads to the impulse to use heuristics?

the decision to be made is important

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme.

"I"

From ________ months old, children are most capable of using simple sentences such as "I see."

18-24 months

The likelihood of functional fixedness occurring may be influenced by culture, and it is________.

experienced in both industrial and preindustrial countries equally

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence.

fluid

The fact that English grammar dictates that most verbs end in -ed to indicate past tense is an example of the ________ component of language.

grammar

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

hindsight bias

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.

indirect

Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we ________, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing.

integrate

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

interpersonal; intrapersonal

Anywhere between 30-70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have some sort of ________.

learning disability

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

Reth is known for his ability and interest in writing. He won an award for his short story, "A Bear in the Woods," and was named Young Poet of the Year at his high school. He is currently working on a book titled, When Harry Potter Attacks. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

linguistic

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

logical-mathematical

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(an) ________.

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

A(an) ________ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working.

mental set

Schemata are a(an) ________.

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

Which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of intellectual disability?

modest

Which of the following is not one of the four indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children?

processing memory

Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.

representational bias

Which of the following is a criticism of the Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf research on language?

It was not empirical

What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen's article, "How Much Can We Boost I.Q. and Achievement?"

Level II intelligence is most prevalent among Asians, followed by Caucasians, then African Americans

What should be changed to make the following sentence true "Arthur Jensen theorized that Level I intelligence is responsible for conceptual and analytical abilities while Level II intelligence is responsible for rote memorization."

The placement of the phrases "Level I" and "Level II" should be switched.

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

concepts

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

creative

A(an) ________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept.

prototype

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

role

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

mental set

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept.

natural

In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories: ________ and ________.

natural; artificial

What is the Flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.

one piece of information versus all of the information

The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as________.

one standard deviation above the mean

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept?

patriotism

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

phoneme

Which of the following statements about algorithms is false?

Algorithms cannot be used in everyday life

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

All of the concepts are examples of mental set

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes.

Artificial

Which researchers suggested that language determines thought?

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf

Which of the following statements about Howard Gardner is false?

He believed discussing IQ as standard deviations from average was inaccurate

Which of the following statements about Charles Spearman is false?

He divided intelligence into two components: crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence.

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytical

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

availability heuristic

After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the ________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.

babbling

Lauren is gifted in the area of body movement. Her ability to balance and coordinate her body's movement enables her to do well in basketball, baseball, and field hockey. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

bodily kinesthetic intelligence

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________.

divided intelligence into two components

Walter struggles to write legibly and has a difficult time putting his thoughts on paper. Which learning disability does he have?

dysgraphia

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

dyslexia

________ and ________ are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors.

emotion; memory

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script.

event

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

thinking

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ________

thoughts

Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities________.

was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using White children