Chapter 7 Reading Quiz E2

Where are most sediments and sedimentary rocks found? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

- on the surface of continents - on the ocean floor

What is the name of the rock in the above image?

Coquina

Which process will remove CO2 from the atmosphere and sequester it?

Deposition of carbonate sediments

Match the rock with the appropriate category of sedimentary rock.

Detrital: - sandstone - shale chemical: - chert - rock salt -coquina organic: - bituminous coal

________ is the process where calcium ions in limestone are replaced with magnesium or small amounts of iron.

Dolomitization

Which of the following best describes interbedded gypsum and halite?

Evaporitic sedimentary rocks

Why is coal different from other sedimentary rocks?

It is made of almost entirely of organic matter.

Which of the following best describes the appearance and composition of a conglomerate?

Rounded fragments; poorly sorted

Which of the following represents the single most common and characteristic structures in sedimentary rocks?

Strata

What information can evaporites provide about the past environment of deposition?

The paleoenvironment was wet and in the process of drying up.

What is diagenesis?

The textural, compositional, and other changes that occur to sediments after deposition

What does the presence of mudcracks indicate about the paleoenvironment?

There was a wet environment that is drying up.

What are two examples of inorganic limestone?

Travertine and oolitic limestone

Approximately 75 percent of the planet's landmasses are covered by sedimentary and sedimentary rocks.

True

How would you describe the shape of the sediments in the rock in the above image?

angular

What type of chemical sedimentary rock is found in petrified wood?

chert

Which sedimentary rock from the list below could resemble an igneous rock?

chert

What type of detrital sedimentary rock forms from sediment transported and deposited by energetic mountain streams?

conglomerate

What sedimentary structure is present in this photo?

cross-bedding

Which type of sedimentary structure is characteristic of sand dunes?

cross-bedding

Match the textural descriptions with the appropriate sedimentary composition.

detrital- sub angular clasts, poor sorting. organic- black, fibrous material. some layering. chemical- crystalline appearance.

Which of the following releases CO2 into the atmosphere?

dissolution of limestone

A ________ describes the observation of successive changes in a laterally continuous sedimentary layer that are visible and are interpreted as a result of many depositional processes taking place over a large area.

facies

Graded bedding will display particles that are fine near the bottom of the layer and get progressively coarser toward the top.

false

There are no sediments on the deep seafloor.

false

Name a sedimentary rock that will sequester CO2 in the geosphere.

limestone

________ is a biochemical sedimentary rock that often forms in carbonate reefs.

limestone

________ is the process that converts sediments into a sedimentary rock.

lithification

What is the sedimentary texture displayed in this image?

microcrystalline

What sedimentary structure is visible in this image?

mudcracks

________ are tiny "seed" particles created when small sediments or shell fragments are rolled by waves in water supersaturated with calcium carbonate.

ooids

What sedimentary structure(s) can you identify in the above image?

ripplemarks

Which of the following methods of transportation will result in the least sorted deposit?

rock falls

Which rock type can contain fossils?

sedimentary rocks

Which rock type, or combination of rock types, makes up the majority of Earth's outermost solid surface?

sedimentary rocks

________ are fragments of preexisting materials that have been broken down through the processes of weathering.

sediments

Compaction will be the most significant lithification process for which of the following rocks?

shale

What is the most common sedimentary rock?

shale

Which of the following rocks composed of silt- and clay- sized particles displays fissility?

shale

What sediment particle size(s) make up shale?

silt and clay

Which environment would be likely to produce a black shale?

swamp

Chemical sedimentary rocks form from ___.

the precipitation of ions in solution

Chalk is a soft, porous rock composed of the hard parts of microscopic marine organisms.

true

Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified according to clast size, whereas chemical sedimentary rocks are classified based on their dominant minerals.

true

Due to their size, stream gravels need a swift current to be transported, whereas sands need a current with less energy.

true

Volcanic activity in the early history of the Earth is believed to be responsible for much of the CO2 found in the atmosphere.

true

What level of sorting is visible in the above image?

well sorted

Which of the following methods of transportation will result in the best degree of sorting, with all the particles being roughly the same size?

wind