Chapter 7 The Industrial Revolution begins

Who is Karl Marx?

A German philosopher, condemned the ideas of the Utopians as unrealistic idealism. He formulated a new theory, "scientific socialism," which he claimed was based on a scientific study of history

What are two goals of Communism?

A system in which governments led by a small elite controlled all "economic" and "political life"

Who was Robert Owen and what did he support?

An Utopian (early socialist) that set up a model community in New Lanark, Scotland , to put his own ideas into practice. Was a poor welsh boy that became a successful mill owner. Was an industrialist that refused child labor. He in fact campaigned vigorously for laws that limited child labor and encouraged the organization of labor unions

For what reasons did the Industrial revolution begin

Britain had plentiful resources, waterways and easy access to the sea

What do Laissez-faire economists believe?

During the Enlightenment, physiocrats argued that natural laws should not interfere in the free operation of the economy. In the early 1800s, middle-class business leaders embraced this laissez-faire, or "hands off", approach.

The Industrial Revolution began in...

Great Britain

Labor Unions formed as a way to help workers

Improve their working conditions

In which countries did industrialization take place?

In those that had coal or other power sources

What is one way improved agriculture contributed to population growth?

It created a surplus of food

How did the enclosure movement affect farmers

Many farmers lost their farms and moved to cities

What is another name for the working class?

Proletariat or the "have nots"

In 1770 James Hargreaves of England received a patent for his spinning jenny. Another Englishman, Samuel Crompton, combined the spinning jenny with a water frame he called his new invention the spinning mule. These inventions are examples of

Technological advances

What industry was industrialized first?

The textile industry

What are 3 negative aspects of the Industrial Revolution?

There were no rules so people could throw harsh chemicals into bodies of water. Companies could lock their workers in and make them do long hours. Another negative aspect of the Industrial Revolution was children were not going to school but instead going to work in enclosed factories or mines.

Industrialization affected the United States

Through the growth of urban centers

What was one major use of high quality iron?

To make railroads

What philosophy says "the greatest happiness for the greatest number"?

Utilitarianism

What is Thomas Mathus known for?

Was a British economist that saw the effects of the population explosion-crowded slums, hungry families, unemployment and widespread misery. After careful study, in 1798 he published "An Essay on the Principle of Population."